UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS: Ruptured bAVM rarely presents in clinical herniation requiring surgical decompression and hematoma evacuation. Concurrent surgical decompression and resection of a ruptured bAVM can be performed on low-grade lesions without compromising LOS or long-term functional outcome; however, the surgeon may encounter a more challenging surgical environment.

CONCLUSIONS: We identify P2Y13-R as a novel gatekeeper of the nuclear alarmins IL-33 and HMGB1, and demonstrate that the targeting of this GPCR via genetic deletion or treatment with a small-molecule antagonist protects against the onset and exacerbations of experimental asthma.

CONCLUSIONS: USCB can be considered as the optimum tool of choice for the diagnosis of parotid neoplasia. This would particularly be the case in centres utilizing FNAC with high non-diagnostic rates or reduced diagnostic accuracy when compared to USCB published data, or in centres establishing a new service.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 8-12 % of children and >4 % of adults. Environmental factors are believed to interact with genetic predispositions to increase susceptibility to ADHD. No existing rodent model captures all aspects of ADHD, but several show promise. The main genetic models are the spontaneous hypertensive rat, dopamine transporter knock-out (KO) mice, dopamine receptor subtype KO mice, Snap-25 KO mice, guanylyl...

CONCLUSIONS: We report an efficient method for producing faithful in vitro models of LGG. New experimental platforms generated through this approach are well positioned to support preclinical studies of this disease, particularly those related to tumor immunology, tumor-stroma interactions, identification of novel drug targets, and personalized assessments of treatment response profiles.

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CONCLUSIONS: There appear to be no municipal-level racial/ethnic inequities in naloxone distribution in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, USA.

AB-506, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting the HBV core protein, inhibits viral replication in vitro (HepAD38 cells: EC(50) of 0.077 μM, CC(50) > 25 μM) and in vivo (HBV mouse model: ∼3.0 log(10) reductions in serum HBV DNA compared to the vehicle control). Binding of AB-506 to HBV core protein accelerates capsid assembly and inhibits HBV pgRNA encapsidation. Furthermore, AB-506 blocks cccDNA establishment in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells and primary human hepatocytes, leading to...

It has been suggested that the sequestration of CO(2) by agricultural soils offers a means to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and in turn mitigate the impacts of climate change. Carbon sequestration by grassland soils, which account for more than 60% of agricultural land use in Ireland, could contribute to a successful net reduction of atmospheric GHG emissions in accordance with the COP21 Paris Agreement. However, current estimates of soil carbon sequestration are...

Cellular transport and function are dependent on substrate influx and efflux of various compounds. In humans, the largest superfamily of transporters is the SoLute Carriers (SLCs). Many transporters are orphans and little to nothing is known about their expression and/or function, yet they have been assigned to a cluster called atypical SLCs. One of these atypical SLCs is MFSD11. Here we present a first in-depth characterization of the MFSD11, CG18549. By gene expression and behavior analysis on...

OBJECTIVE: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), but the effects of individual patient anatomy and location of ablation volumes affect seizure outcomes. The purpose of this study is to see if features of individual patient structural connectomes predict surgical outcomes after LITT for mTLE.

Flight training programs incur great risks as they instruct aspiring pilots to complete flight training and licensing procedures. It is instrumental for these programs to create strong safety cultures and climates to promote the highest level of safety possible. The COVID-19 pandemic raised many safety concerns across a variety of industries, especially the aviation industry. This study investigates the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the safety culture and safety climate of the flight...

Cardiac lymphoma is a rare neoplasm involving heart, pericardium or both, usually seen in immunocompromised patients. We report a 61-year-old male presenting with worsening shortness of breath and 20-pound weight loss. Investigations showed right-sided tumor with interatrial septal wall perforation and left atrial expansion. The diagnosis was confirmed with mediastinal mass biopsy. After receiving the appropriate treatment, there was a steady improvement clinically and on the transesophageal...

Introduction: Patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at risk of developing long-term morbidities following recovery from their critical illness. One such health outcome is called post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS in pediatrics may be mitigated by interventions that facilitate adjustment to the PICU setting. Methods: The PICU implemented a two-pronged Peer and Volunteer (P/V) Program to help: (a) families adjust to the PICU experience with the support of a peer mentor...

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CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts to diversify the demographic constitution of incoming neurosurgical trainees, few significant advances have been made in recent years. This study suggests that improved strategies for recruitment and cultivating early interest in neurological surgery are required to further increase the diversification of future cohorts of neurosurgical trainees.

CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic acutely affected patient care and overall institutional operations. The research consortium of New York and New Jersey rehabilitation institutions responded dynamically to bed expansions/contractions, staff deployment, and innovations that facilitated safe and effective patient care.

CONCLUSION: There is significant variation in bariatric surgery utilization between states, with almost a 5-fold difference between the states with the highest and lowest utilization.

Previous genome-wide association studies revealed multiple common variants involved in eczema but the role of rare variants remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of rare variants in eczema susceptibility. We meta-analyze 21 study populations including 20,016 eczema cases and 380,433 controls. Rare variants are imputed with high accuracy using large population-based reference panels. We identify rare exonic variants in DUSP1, NOTCH4, and SLC9A4 to be associated with eczema. In...