UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

An evaluation was conducted to predict the economic and clinical burden of vaccinating all immunocompromised (IC) individuals aged ≥30 years with mRNA-1273 variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines versus BNT162b2 variant-adapted vaccines in Fall 2023 and Spring 2024 in France. The number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations or deaths due to COVID-19, and long COVID cases, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated using a static decision-analytic model. Predicted...

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to demonstrate the risks associated with the duration of catheter use during MT and to propose strategies to mitigate these risks in AIS.

The Von-Meyenburg complex, also known as biliary hamartomas, are benign malformations of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Typically identified incidentally, these lesions are generally asymptomatic and have no pathological significance. However, their imaging characteristics can mimic malignancy, and they possess a rare potential for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Familial clusters suggest a potential genetic basis, with the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1) gene most...

Tail-specific proteases (Tsp) are members of a widely distributed family of serine proteases that commonly target and process periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. The obligately intracellular, Gram-negative Chlamydia encode a highly conserved Tsp homolog whose target and function are unclear. We identified a Chlamydia muridarum mutant with a nonsense mutation in tsp. Differentiation of the tsp mutant elementary bodies into vegetative reticulate bodies was delayed at 37°C and...

In congenital stationary night blindness, type 2 (CSNB2)-a disorder involving the Ca(v)1.4 (L-type) Ca^(2+) channel-visual impairment is mild considering that Ca(v)1.4 mediates synaptic release from rod and cone photoreceptors. Here, we addressed this conundrum using a Ca(v)1.4 knockout (KO) mouse and a knock-in (G369i KI) mouse expressing a non-conducting Ca(v)1.4. Surprisingly, Ca(v)3 (T-type) Ca^(2+) currents were detected in cones of G369i KI mice and Ca(v)1.4 KO mice but not in cones of...

CONCLUSIONS: RL-IPostC tends to promote functional independence and reduces infarct growth and cerebral edema in patients with acute ischemic stroke post-reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, most (~ 70%) annual newly diagnosed HIV infections are among substance-using sexual minority men (SMM) and gender minority transgender women (trans women). Trans women and SMM are more likely to report or be diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) than their cisgender or heterosexual counterparts and the presence of an SUD substantially increases the risk of HIV infection in both groups. Although Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective,...

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been widely documented to affect various aspects of health, including development, metabolism and neuronal function in a variety of organisms. Despite numerous reports detailing these effects, a comprehensive mechanistic model remains elusive, especially with regard to the long-term effects of PFOA, as it bioaccumulates in food chains with a long half-life. In this study, we evaluated the impact of PFOA on several critical physiological states of Drosophila...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a critical role in the healthy function of the brain, yet the mechanics of CSF flow remain poorly understood. Computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool capable of resolving the spatiotemporal evolution of CSF pressures and velocities, but technical and methodological limitations have limited the clinical use of CFD to date. With improvements in medical imaging, computational power, and machine learning, however, CFD may be on the cusp of breaking through...

CONCLUSION: RS patients are shown to have better outcomes to CP patients in terms of surgical, perioperative, and radiographic variables. Ambulatory status was identified as an independent risk factor for complications.

BACKGROUND: Contemporary surgical practices for traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. We describe the clinical profile of an 18-centre US TBI cohort with cranial surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of OVP significantly reduced the incidence of CDI during the in-hospital ASCT course without increasing CDI post-OVP use. These encouraging results should promote further research into the use of OVP in ASCT.

The control of the respiratory rhythm and airway motor activity is essential for life. Accumulating evidence indicates that the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) is crucial for generating behaviors that occur during the postinspiratory phase, including expiratory laryngeal activity and swallowing. Located in the ventromedial medulla, PiCo is defined by neurons co-expressing two neurotransmitter markers (ChAT and Vglut2/Slc17a6). Here, we mapped the input-output connections of these neurons using...

Medulloblastoma and ependymoma are prevalent pediatric central nervous system tumors with significant molecular and clinical heterogeneity. We collected bulk RNA sequencing data from 888 medulloblastoma and 370 ependymoma tumors to establish a comprehensive reference landscape. Following rigorous batch effect correction, normalization, and dimensionality reduction, we constructed a unified landscape to explore gene expression, signaling pathways, gene fusions, and copy number variations. Our...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a key component of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, intellectual disability, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that protect against mitochondrial dysfunction during neurodevelopment. Here, we address this question through the investigation of rbm-26, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the RBM27 autism candidate gene, which encodes an RNA-binding protein whose role...

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CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination of the eligible population would contribute to significant reductions in hospitalizations, deaths, and long COVID in the UK in the 2024-2025 season. Expanding the target population continues to be cost-effective. Use of the Moderna Autumn 2024 Campaign is predicted to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated outcomes in a cost-effective manner and will contribute to a more resilient healthcare system in the UK.

CONCLUSION: ACI is an effective durable treatment for cartilage defects, with high levels of patient satisfaction and low failure rates. No evidence was found that applying the periosteal patch at the time of chondrocyte harvest improved long-term Lysholm scores or survival until any re-operation or arthroplasty.

CONCLUSION: The SNAP score may be useful in predicting FR after EVT in low-ASPECTS patients with LVO. It can provide patients, family members, and physicians with reliable outcome expectations among patients with acute ischemic stroke with large infarcts.

CONCLUSION: We found no differences in radiological improvement, surgical rescue, or major complications between embolic materials in MMAE. Current randomized trials are exclusively using liquid embolics, and these data suggest that future trials involving particles are likely to produce similar outcomes.