UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

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CONCLUSIONS: In this study, increased OT was associated with incremental increases in overall morbidity after PD, irrespective of approach. While MIPD was associated with improved overall morbidity compared to OPD when stratified by OT quartile, higher mortality rates were observed with prolonged OT only with MIPD. Those data suggest that MIPD is a safe alternative to OPD when OT is optimized. NSQIP was used to compare the effect of operative time (OT) on outcomes following...

Glioblastomas are incurable primary brain tumors harboring a heterogeneous landscape of genetic and metabolic alterations. Longitudinal imaging by MRI and [^(18)F]FET-PET measurements enable us to visualize the features of evolving tumors in a dynamic manner. Yet, close-meshed longitudinal imaging time points for characterizing temporal and spatial metabolic alterations during tumor evolution in patients is not feasible because patients usually present with already established tumors. The...

Trends and ecological consequences of phosphorus (P) decline and increasing nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (N:P) ratios in rivers and estuaries are reviewed and discussed. Results suggest that re-oligotrophication is a dominant trend in rivers and estuaries of high-income countries in the last two-three decades, while in low-income countries widespread eutrophication occurs. The decline in P is well documented in hundreds of rivers of United States and the European Union, but the biotic response of...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, comparable outcomes were observed in patients in the late window irrespective of neuroimaging selection criteria. Admission NCCT scan may triage emergent large vessel occlusion in the late window.

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), pathological reflexes develop that result in altered bladder function and sphincter dis-coordination, with accompanying changes in the detrusor. Bladder chemodenervation is known to ablate the pathological reflexes, but the resultant effects on the bladder tissue are poorly defined. In a rodent model of contusion SCI, we examined the effect of early bladder chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) on bladder histopathology and collagen deposition....

CONCLUSIONS: Although no single best surgical revascularisation approach in ACS patients was identified, the significant mortality benefit with OPCAB seen with AMI suggests high acuity patients may benefit most from avoiding further myocardial injury associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this decision analytical model study, variations in the effectiveness, efficiency, and health inequality of the different naloxone distribution expansion strategies and approaches were identified. Future efforts should be prioritized for people at highest risk for overdose (those who inject drugs or use illicit drugs) and redirected toward areas with the greatest need. These findings may inform future naloxone distribution priority settings.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify a signature lipid profile from cerebral thrombi in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients at the time of ictus. METHODS: We performed untargeted lipidomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on cerebral thrombi taken from a nonprobability, convenience sampling of adult subjects (≥18 years old, n = 5) who underwent thrombectomy for acute cerebrovascular occlusion. The data were classified using random forest, a machine learning...

CONCLUSION: Naloxone distribution volumes were correlated with fatal opioid overdose, suggesting medication was getting to communities where it was needed most. Amid high rates of overdose driven by fentanyl in the drug supply, our findings suggest additional prevention, treatment, and harm reduction interventions are required-and dramatically higher naloxone volumes needed-to reverse the opioid overdose crisis in the US.

Response resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge that may be overcome through the rational combination of ICB and specific targeted therapeutics. One emerging combination strategy is based on sensitizing ICB-refractory tumors with antagonists of 90kD heat shock protein (Hsp90) that target all four isoforms. However, pan-Hsp90 inhibitors are limited by the modest efficacy, on-target and off-tumor toxicities, and induction of the heat...

Wildlife species are often used as bioindicators to evaluate the extent and severity of environmental contamination and the effectiveness of remediation practices. A common approach for investigating population- or community-level impacts on bioindicators compares demographic parameter estimates (e.g., population size or density) between sites that were subjected to different levels of contamination. However, the traditional analytical method used in such studies is nonspatial capture-recapture,...

Whole-sporozoite (WSp) malaria vaccines induce protective immune responses in animal malaria models and in humans. A recent clinical trial with a WSp vaccine comprising genetically attenuated parasites (GAP) which arrest growth early in the liver (PfSPZ-GA1), showed that GAPs can be safely administered to humans and immunogenicity is comparable to radiation-attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine. GAPs that arrest late in the liver stage (LA-GAP) have potential for increased potency as shown in rodent malaria...

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