UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSION: This hypothesis-generating study, based on a single TCMR case, provides a single-cell atlas of the TCMR immune microenvironment and suggests several subsets and pathways that may be involved. Our findings suggest that innate immune cells may initiate and amplify adaptive responses through chemokine and inflammatory networks, providing new insights into the potential role of innate immunity in allograft injury. The DUSP1^(+) effector CD8^(+) T cell-B2M/MHC class I axis was observed in...

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CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness and stress changed mostly during the first 3 to 4 weeks of the trial. During this time of mindfulness skill acquisition, mindfulness and stress were most significantly negatively associated, especially among those with high baseline stress. The consistent relationship between HMP-C utilization and mindfulness and stress suggests that continued use of HMP-C may be helpful for skill maintenance.

Implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs requiring mandatory checking when prescribing or dispensing reduces opioid analgesic (OA) prescribing. OA receipt varies by individual-level factors, including HIV status. Mandatory prescription drug monitoring program checking requirements (MPDMPs) may exacerbate inequities if prompts trigger biased decision-making around clinical need for OAs. We examined whether MPDMP implementation was associated with changes in self-reported use of...

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CONCLUSIONS: PT critically modulates the benefit of EVT in minor stroke. While efficient EVT yields better outcomes than BMM, prolonged procedures are associated with harm. These findings may explain prior inconsistent evidence on EVT in patients with low NIHSS scores and underscore the need to individualize procedural thresholds in this population.

Differentiated cells maintain their identity through active mechanisms that suppress alternative cell fates, but disrupting these barriers can enhance direct reprogramming for organ repair. Among the regulators of cell fate stability, glycosylation-associated genes have emerged as barriers to cardiac reprogramming. Here we show that carbohydrate sulfotransferases are central fate-stabilizing regulators, with CHST7 acting through CD44 to control nuclear JUNB levels, chromatin binding, and...

INTRODUCTION: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe, vision-threatening secondary glaucoma. With a higher incidence and earlier onset of its primary diseases, NVG may increase the healthcare burden. This study investigate the demographic characteristics and medical costs of NVG in a tertiary medical center in China.

Socioeconomic, demographic, and health system structures may have shaped COVID-19 pandemic impact across populations, but past analyses typically examined few factors. We systematically examined correlates of COVID-era excess mortality, considering 2,745 county-level variables of demography, race/ethnicity, income, insurance, education, employment, housing, and health system. Pearson correlation coefficients (CCs) were obtained for the most recent available pre-pandemic value against...

CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial pathogen detection on supplies, a necessary step in transmission, was extremely low. Viral NAAT detection on supplies was low and likely exaggerated the risk of fomite transmission, as whether there was viable virus at sufficient concentration to transmit infection is unknown.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for clinical care. Acute conditions such as traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal cord injury are associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet guidelines are based on limited Class I evidence. This study aimed to examine the design, funding, outcomes, and reporting quality of phase III RCTs in neurosurgical critical care published since 1990. MEDLINE and Cochrane Central were...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In low-resource settings, invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is often not available due to its high costs. Therefore, some therapeutic strategies require a different approach than those recommended in the presence of invasive monitoring. In this review, we propose a concise overview on ICP monitoring in low-resource settings, mainly focusing on traumatic brain injury patients.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 80-90% of all traumatic brain injuries, yet its economic burden remains poorly characterized. We synthesized direct healthcare charges and costs associated with mTBI in the United States (U.S.). A PubMed search through October 14, 2025 identified primary studies reporting direct healthcare-related charges or costs among adults with mTBI. All estimates were standardized to 2025 U.S. dollars. Twenty-one studies (1996-2023) out of 3300 screened...

CONCLUSIONS: Early MMAE (≤1 day from diagnosis) was overall associated with better outcomes compared with delayed intervention, particularly among patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. Prospective confirmation is warranted.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability. It is caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the 5' UTR of the Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene leading to loss of expression of Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). There is currently no cure for FXS. We developed an FMR1 gene therapy based on an adeno-associated viral vector designed with strong translational potential for future clinical testing. The viral vector was tested in...

CONCLUSIONS: Emergency/damage-control extracranial surgery operationally classified as LS identified a phenotype of patients with greater extracranial injury burden and physiological instability, associated with worse long-term neurological outcome. This association should be interpreted as reflecting injury severity and treatment indication rather than a direct detrimental effect of surgery itself. NLS procedures were not independently associated with unfavourable recovery.

The preBötzinger Complex is among the few neural circuits where selective elimination of defined neuronal subpopulation is sufficient to destabilize a core autonomic function and can fatally impair breathing. Within this circuitry, neurons expressing the neurokinin-1 receptor (Tacr1/NK1R) and somatostatin (Sst) are critical subpopulations; Tacr1 ^(+) neurons respond to the neuropeptide substance P and are necessary for maintaining inspiratory rhythms, and ablation of Sst ^(+) neurons results in...

CONCLUSIONS: The global diffusion of ESS is hindered less by clinical limitations than by systemic inertia and fragmented policy frameworks. Countries with flexible, market-responsive systems (eg, China and India) are emerging as innovation leaders, while historically dominant regions (eg, United States and Europe) risk stagnation without structural reform. ESS serves as a diagnostic lens for broader health system adaptability, highlighting the urgent need for investment in training,...

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CONCLUSION: This study indicates that protective CIS43LS levels can be maintained over the course of a single malaria season and provides guidance for PK/PD analyses of anti-malaria mAbs in malaria-endemic populations.