UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

INTRODUCTION: Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, undergo a complex liver stage shaped by the spatial heterogeneity of the liver. As one of the most sexually dimorphic organs, the liver undergoes sex-specific immune responses. However, the roles of biological sex and androgens in regulating hepatic host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection remain poorly understood.

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Extant literature has found attention and academic achievement to be related throughout development. Surprisingly, there are few comprehensive meta-analytic studies of the size of this effect. Therefore, the present study evaluates the relation between ADHD symptomatology (i.e., ratings of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity) and academic achievement, over 106 studies and 450 effect sizes, with moderators assessing: study design type; symptomatology type; academic domain and subskills;...

Molecular tools enable detailed analysis of molecular allergens. Understanding their regional variability, considering environmental factors, improves diagnostic accuracy and allows individualized approaches in pediatric allergy management. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed the results of ImmunoCAP ISAC^(®) test (n = 1010) performed in pediatric patients from 14 Portuguese hospitals. Sensitization to dust mite (DM) molecular allergens was found in 64% of patients, mainly to major...

US Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel endure repeated blasts throughout training and combat. Recent human postmortem, neuroimaging and blood proteomic work suggest that tau pathology is present following repeated blast exposure. This study aimed to determine whether blood tau markers are associated with brain tau paired helical filaments (PHFs) in SOF personnel. Twenty-eight active-duty SOF completed a positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging scan with the PHF-specific...

CONCLUSIONS: TIAN was common within this cohort but mostly low-grade and transient. Refining its classification and understanding its clinical impact will aid safety assessments and trial comparisons for CNS-directed CAR T therapies.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have shown promise to be an essential tool for studying genetic cardiac diseases. However, their limited maturity remains a barrier to reaching their full potential. Many have challenged this problem; however, it is difficult to compare the results because the parameters for cardiomyocyte maturation are diverse, mostly relying on physiological experiments that display significant lab-to-lab variations and are labor-intensive, and are not...

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BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high rates of serious injection-related bacterial and fungal infections (SIRI), including cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. These infections often require prolonged antibiotic treatment and result in frequent rehospitalizations, with over 50% of patients readmitted within 1 year. Few evidence-based interventions exist to optimize continuity of care for addiction, management, and prevention of SIRI following hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest mRNA-1283 may represent a highly cost-effective strategy (considering a $100,000-150,000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold) to reduce COVID-19 burden. Based on rVE assumptions made, mRNA-1283 was estimated to dominate originally-licensed mRNA vaccines in this recommended population. mRNA-1283 may provide a valuable option to optimize US COVID-19 immunization programs and protect those most vulnerable.

Disruptive technologies are reshaping the landscape of spine surgery by enhancing precision, improving patient outcomes, and transforming surgical training and planning. This review explores the integration of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), patient-specific implants, endoscopic techniques, advanced navigation, and robotics in spine surgery. Preoperative applications include immersive VR-based resident training and AR-assisted surgical planning, which have demonstrated improved...

Background/Objectives: Root canal instrumentation has a crucial role in the success of endodontic treatment. However, management of curved root canals remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare the performance of four rotatory file systems, ProTaper Next, TruNatomy, ProTaper Ultimate and Race Evo, in terms of wear, transportation and centering capacity, in curved root canals. Methods: A total of 150 human tooth roots were selected, divided based on the degree of curvature, and then...

Deep-seated partisan animosity and aversion present challenges across the global political landscape, yet little is known about how individuals perceive the climate of polarization in their societies or the broader societal conditions that shape these perceptions. Drawing on a dataset spanning 44 countries (N = 8917), we examined how macro-level indicators of dysfunction and disruption relate to the perceived climate of polarization - that is, the degree to which people believe major voter...

An estimated 50% to 75% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) report chronic pain. Symptomatology evolution, subtypes, and risk factors remain poorly understood. We evaluated patient-reported pain intensity and interference with daily function in a longitudinal U.S. mTBI cohort. The Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study prospectively enrolled patients with TBI across 18 trauma centers who received head computed tomography (CT) within 24 hours...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs in 9.8% of U.S. children and has a large hereditary component arising from multiple gene variants. One of these is Latrophiln-3 (LPHN-3). Using CRISPR/Cas9 we deleted exon 3 in Sprague Dawley rats to create a global Lphn3 knockout (gKO). The gKO rats are hyperactive, startle hyper-reactive, impulsive, and have impaired working, spatial, and egocentric learning and memory. Permethrin (PRM) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. Acute...

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations for acute bacterial and fungal infections related to injection drug use are increasing in the background of the United States drug overdose crisis. These infections are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID). Currently, limited comprehensive approaches to caring for PWID hospitalized with severe injection-related infections (SIRIs) exist. We developed a multidisciplinary model integrating infectious disease (ID),...

Compromised bone marrow niches following irradiation limit hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) success by delaying immune reconstitution. Strategies to rebuild functional marrow environments are essential to support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. However, the fundamental relationship between bone formation and bone marrow niche development, and how these processes are modulated by key biological variables, remains poorly understood. Here, we present an alginate-gelatin...

CONCLUSION: MC remained the preferred modality for treating both unruptured and ruptured MCAb aneurysms, demonstrating superior immediate and final angiographic occlusion rates with minimal intraoperative and postoperative complications. SAC showed similar safety but was technically more challenging, FD had higher ischemic event rates, and SC had more delayed reruptures.

In contrast to living organisms, viruses were long thought to lack protein synthesis machinery and instead depend on host factors to translate viral transcripts. Here, we discover that giant DNA viruses encode a distinct and functional IF4F translation-initiation complex to drive protein synthesis, thereby blurring the line between cellular and acellular biology. During infection, eukaryotic IF4F on host ribosomes is replaced by an essential viral IF4F that regulates viral translation, virion...

CONCLUSION: Pipeline, SVB, and FRED Jr. FDs show similar safety and efficacy for unruptured DACA aneurysms. Complete occlusion is influenced by clinical and procedural factors, supporting individualized device selection.