UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this economic evaluation of the Daraja intervention, Daraja was more costly than standard care from both the Tanzanian Ministry of Health and societal perspectives; however, it was associated with improvements in DALYs. These findings suggest that Daraja has a high probability of being considered cost-effective from both economic perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The conventional clinical approach to characterising traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) as mild, moderate, or severe using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) total score has well-known limitations, prompting calls for more sophisticated strategies.

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Objective: To examine the interaction between early cognition and motor functioning when predicting functional independence, community participation, homeboundness, and return-to-work 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Data from 101 adults (M age = 39.6 years) across two TBI Model Systems sites. Cognitive performance (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone) and motor functioning (FIM-Motor score/Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation) were collected at inpatient...

BACKGROUND: Disordered eating behaviours are prevalent in men, though men have traditionally been understudied in the field of eating disorders. While a thin body ideal is an established risk factor of eating disorders in women, a mesomorphic body ideal with increased muscles and decreased fat may be more relevant in understanding eating disorders in men. Based on the interpersonal model and existing literature, the current study examined the association between interpersonal functioning and...

Asian American (AsAm) youth experience persistent disparities in mental health service use, but quantitative data are lacking in existing investigations of barriers in this population. Here, we sought to characterize key barriers to youth mental health services across multiple domains (i.e., structural, perceptual, cultural, trauma-specific) and explore associations between barriers, youth symptoms, and service use. AsAm caregivers (N = 149, M(age) = 39.23, 55% female) completed the study...

CONCLUSION: This quality improvement evaluation of social care integration using the CRS illustrates a potential pathway for activating social support and healthcare relationships in primary care, but more rigorous designs and longer-term follow up are needed to explore if this pathway leads to improvements in patient or population health and healthcare utilization.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, yet the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are incompletely understood. This gap in knowledge is in part related to a lack of reliable and efficient methods for measuring cortical lesions in neuroimaging studies. The objective of this study was to develop a semi-automated lesion detection tool and apply it to an investigation of longitudinal changes in brain structure among individuals with chronic...

CONCLUSIONS: Apparent ethnoracial differences in societal participation among people with TBI are at least partially driven by sociodemographic and injury characteristics. More specifically, baseline characteristics of age, education, and marital status are more meaningful contributors to differences in global societal participation than race/ethnicity. Subordinate aspects of participation yielded different findings, however. Societal participation, and its potential drivers, require further...

CONCLUSION: In cases where vessels abut but do not compress the facial nerve, there can still be position-dependent HFS because of position-dependent compression of the facial nerve, which can be relieved by surgical decompression.

CONCLUSIONS: This transcriptomic landscape serves as a resource for biomarker discovery, diagnostic refinement, and prediction of tumor biology and outcome. By enabling projection of new patients' bulk RNA-seq data onto the reference map using nearest neighbor analysis, the framework supports accurate subtype classification. The landscape is publicly available via Oncoscape, an interactive platform for global exploration and application.

Despite the well-known risks of tobacco use, tobacco exposure remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although cigarette use has declined, the popularity of novel tobacco products (NTPs), such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs), has increased. Given the evolving landscape of the tobacco industry, robust in vitro models are needed to evaluate the potential for harm of novel products on the airways. We applied a 3D in vitro human airway...

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CONCLUSION: AGs are dynamic structures exhibiting measurable changes in number and volume over time. AG volume appears responsive to acute ICP alterations, supporting their function in ICP regulation and suggesting a potential role as an imaging biomarker for ICP dynamics in acute hydrocephalus.

The most consistent risk factor for developing psychiatric problems post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a preexisting psychiatric disorder, but many studies have reported that psychiatric disorders can occur de novo following "mild" TBI. The objective of this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients (n = 1,947) with acute TBI and presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between 13 and 15 was to describe the association of pre-injury psychiatric history with prevalence and...

Many cancers evade immunosurveillance by downregulating surface major histocompatibility class (MHC)-I. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes MHC-I degradation and is elevated in glioma. Evolocumab is a clinically approved PCSK9 inhibitor which restores MHC-I expression in pre-clinical cancer models. However, monoclonal antibodies have limited blood brain/tumor barrier penetrance (BBB/BTB). We conducted a window-of-opportunity trial, evaluating evolocumab's BBB/BTB...

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, is an urgent global public health threat. Syphilis vaccine development has been impeded by limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable T. pallidum to establish and maintain infection. The vascular endothelium is critical for T. pallidum attachment, dissemination, and host immune response initiation; however, the molecular details of T. pallidum-endothelial interactions are incompletely understood. To enhance understanding,...

CONCLUSION: AI-written clinical scenarios were comparable to faculty-written scenarios in terms of complexity and appropriateness for senior surgical residents when used in a virtual mock oral board examination, highlighting the potential utility of AI-based tools in oral board preparation and surgical education.