UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

Distinct clinical phenotypes and their neuroanatomic correlates in chronic traumatic brain injury

3 days 6 hours ago
Accumulating evidence of heterogeneous long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has challenged longstanding approaches to TBI outcome classification that are largely based on global functioning. A lack of studies with clinical and biomarker data from individuals living with chronic (>1 year post-injury) TBI has precluded refinement of long-term outcome classification ontology. Multimodal data in well-characterized TBI cohorts are required to understand the clinical phenotypes and...
Raj G Kumar

Shedding Sunshine on Gender Inequities in Industry Compensation to Physicians: a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payment Analysis

3 days 6 hours ago
The purpose of this study is to compare payments reported in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database according to gender. The authors hypothesized that women physicians would have fewer payments and lower total compensation from pharmaceutical and medical device companies as compared with men. A higher proportion of males received > $1,000,000 in compensation from industry, and a higher proportion of females received < $1,000 in compensation from industry. The...
Adam M Almaguer

Impact of smoking on occlusion rates following stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler Martin grade I-III brain arteriovenous malformations - A propensity score matched analysis of the MISTA consortium

3 days 6 hours ago
CONCLUSION: Individuals with a positive history of smoking are more likely to achieve complete obliteration of grades I-III bAVMs following SRS treatment. However, smokers do not differ from non-smokers in terms of the incidence of post-treatment rupture, overall mortality, or functional status at the last follow-up.
Daniel Sconzo

Testing adaptations to contingency management for alcohol use disorders: A randomized controlled trial

4 days 6 hours ago
CONCLUSIONS: CM modifications were not associated with lower levels of alcohol use. Participants engaged in less alcohol use during CM, relative to induction. Two patterns of response to CM were observed based on uEtG-defined heavy drinking immediately prior to CM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Michael G McDonell

A host organelle integrates stolen chloroplasts for animal photosynthesis

4 days 6 hours ago
Eukaryotic life evolved over a billion years ago when ancient cells engulfed and integrated prokaryotes to become modern mitochondria and chloroplasts. Sacoglossan "solar-powered" sea slugs possess the ability to acquire organelles within a single lifetime by selectively retaining consumed chloroplasts that remain photosynthetically active for nearly a year. The mechanism for this "animal photosynthesis" remains unknown. Here, we discovered that foreign chloroplasts are housed within novel,...
Corey A H Allard

In Vitro Techniques for Microleakage Evaluation of Coronary Restorative Materials: A Scoping and Mapping Review

5 days 6 hours ago
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, several microleakage assessment techniques are being used, with the dye method being the most reported one. Several variations in the experimental protocols exist, which make it difficult to compare the results. The use of dyes and nuclear medicine methods is sensitive and can be used to evaluate microleakage.
Sofia Vieira

A phase 1 study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the porcupine inhibitor, AZD5055

1 week 3 days ago
Excessive Wnt signaling contributes to the development of fibrotic diseases and cancer. Here, we report the findings of a phase 1 study evaluating AZD5055, an orally administered porcupine inhibitor, which inhibits Wnt signaling. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of AZD5055 in healthy volunteers. Secondary and exploratory objectives were the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZD5055, respectively. Sixty healthy volunteers were randomized to receive placebo...
Xiao-Hong Zhou

Treatment outcomes of successful M1 versus M2 thrombectomy for low-ASPECTS stroke patients

1 week 5 days ago
BackgroundThe effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) stroke patients with occlusion of the second segment of the middle cerebral artery (M2) is unclear.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients with M1 or M2 occlusions and low ASPECTS (<6) who underwent successful EVT (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia score of 2b or higher) were included. Primary outcome was futile EVT reperfusion (defined as 90-day...
Huanwen Chen

Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging of Carbons: New Insights and Good Practice Guide

1 week 6 days ago
Energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) incorporate carbon components key to their function. Graphite and carbon binder components in LIB electrodes are engineered to deliver critical electrical and mechanical properties, as are the surface chemistry and morphology of carbon blacks (CBs) in LIBs and catalysts. The challenge of relating surface chemistry to morphology is complicated by the numerous forms of carbon bonding and potential for surface functional groups....
James F Nohl

Traumatic brain injury management in the intensive care unit: standard of care and knowledge gaps

2 weeks ago
Despite advances in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the intensive care unit (ICU), and the implementation of new diagnostic techniques and monitoring modalities, the rate of poor neurological outcomes remains high. Specialized neurocritical care units have been shown to improve outcomes. Guidelines have been developed, but most recommendations are based on low levels of evidence. This has led to substantial heterogeneity in clinical practice for many aspects of TBI management,...
Chiara Robba

Are There Unique Barriers and Opportunities for Access to Endoscopic Spine Surgery in Low-Income Countries? A Narrative Review

2 weeks 3 days ago
Full endoscopic spine surgery (FESS) offers an ultra-minimally invasive solution for addressing many different degenerative spine pathologies. While FESS has demonstrated strong evidence for faster recovery, reduced hospital stays, fewer complications, and potentially lower overall costs, FESS remains underutilized in low-income countries (LICs). This narrative review synthesizes the existing literature to evaluate access to FESS in LICs, highlighting challenges such as a lack of trained...
Adham M Khalafallah

Minimizing human-induced variability in quantitative angiography for a robust and explainable AI-based occlusion prediction in flow diverter-treated aneurysms

2 weeks 4 days ago
CONCLUSIONS: Standardizing QA parameters via injection bias correction improves occlusion prediction accuracy for flow diverter-treated IAs. Adding explainable AI (eg, LIME) clarifies model decisions, demonstrating the feasibility of clinically interpretable AI-based outcome prediction.
Parmita Mondal

Impacts of traumatic brain injury severity and sex on sleep architecture, duration, and fragmentation

2 weeks 5 days ago
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with acute and chronic disturbances in sleep architecture. However, the extent to which injury severity and biological sex influence post-traumatic sleep patterns remains underexplored in preclinical models. Here, we used a validated, noninvasive piezoelectric monitoring system to assess sleep in male and female mice following sham (n = 30), mild (n = 32), or moderate (n = 32) midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI). Physiological parameters...
Grant S Mannino

Comparative Study on Clinical Outcomes of Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy under Local Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation and General Anesthesia

3 weeks ago
CONCLUSION: PECF under local anesthesia in the lateral decubitus position provides comparably effective pain relief and functional improvement comparable to general anesthesia, though the difference in complication rates was not statistically significant and requires larger studies for confirmation. This technique may be particularly advantageous for patients at higher risk for anesthesia-related complications. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in larger, prospective...
Jason K Lim
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