UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

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Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and PPH resulting in transfusion is the most common maternal morbidity in the United States. Literature demonstrates that tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss in cesarean deliveries; however, there is little consensus on the impact on major morbidities like PPH and transfusions. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate if administration of prophylactic...

CONCLUSIONS: These study outcomes provide insight into future investigations to understand nutrient requirements to optimize growth, reproductive, and health demographics to microbial populations and metabolism in the D. rerio gut ecosystem. These evaluations are critical in understanding the maintenance of steady-state physiologic and metabolic homeostasis in D. rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 20xx;x:xx.

CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the successful microsurgical treatment for a complex case of giant M1 MCA aneurysm with fusiform morphology. High-flow revascularization using radial artery graft helped in achieving good clinical outcome with complete aneurysm occlusion with flow preservation despite the challenging morphology and location. Cerebral bypass continues to be a useful tool to tackle complex intracranial aneurysms.

Exercise is painful and difficult to perform for patients with severe lower-limb osteoarthritis; consequently, reduced physical activity contributes to increased cardiometabolic disease risk. The aim of this study was to characterize the acute and adaptive cardiovascular and metabolic effects of two low or no impact therapies in patients with severe lower-limb osteoarthritis: passive heat therapy (Heat) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) utilizing primarily the unaffected limbs,...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNpc). In a mouse model of PD induced by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the caudate putamen (CPu) dyspnea events are very common. Neuroanatomical and functional studies show that the number of glutamatergic neurons in the pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) are reduced. We hypothesize that the neuronal loss, and consequently loss of...

The number of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) have grown over the last few years. We asked several Black scientists what impact they have and why STEMM still needs them. They answer these questions and describe how DEI initiatives should evolve.

Although it can promote effector T-cell function, the summative effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be suppressive; therefore, blocking this critical regulatory cytokine has therapeutic potential to enhance antitumor immune function. As macrophages efficiently localize to the TME, we hypothesized that they could be used as a delivery vehicle for drugs designed to block this pathway. To test our hypothesis, we created and evaluated genetically...

Introduction : We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in the receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) in New York City (NYC). Methods : We used naloxone recipient racial/ethnic data collected by OOPPs from April 2018 to March 2019. We aggregated quarterly neighborhood-specific rates of naloxone receipt and other covariates to 42 NYC neighborhoods. We used a multilevel negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between neighborhood-specific...

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide, despite control efforts that have lowered morbidity and mortality. The only P. falciparum vaccine candidates to show field efficacy are those targeting the asymptomatic pre-erythrocytic (PE) stages of infection. The subunit (SU) RTS,S/AS01 vaccine, the only licensed malaria vaccine to date, is only modestly effective against clinical malaria. Both RTS,S/AS01 and the SU R21 vaccine...

CBASS is an anti-phage defense system that protects bacteria from phage infection and is evolutionarily related to human cGAS-STING immunity. cGAS-STING signaling is initiated by viral DNA but the stage of phage replication which activates bacterial CBASS remains unclear. Here we define the specificity of Type I CBASS immunity using a comprehensive analysis of 975 operon-phage pairings and show that Type I CBASS operons composed of distinct CD-NTases, and Cap effectors exhibit striking patterns...

CONCLUSIONS: An AI algorithm combining UDF, ML, and automated registration was developed and applied to test cases, showing that UDF can yield fused detections and decrease false alarms when applied to breast cancer detection. Improvement of ML detection is needed to realize the full benefit of UDF.

The worlds of spinal surgery and computational science are intersecting at the nexus of the operating room and across the continuum of patient care. As medicine moves toward digitizing all aspects of a patient's care, immense amounts of patient data generated and aggregated across surgeons, procedures, and institutions will enable previously inaccessible computationally driven insights. These early insights from artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-enabled technologies are...

Breathing needs to be tightly coordinated with upper airway behaviors, such as swallowing. Discoordination leads to aspiration pneumonia, the leading cause of death in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we study the role of the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) in coordinating breathing and swallowing. Using optogenetic approaches in freely breathing anesthetized ChATcre:Ai32, Vglut2cre:Ai32 and intersectional recombination of ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 mice reveals PiCo mediates airway protective...

CONCLUSIONS: The Plasmodium 18S rRNA biomarker clears quickly and can be relied on to confirm the adequacy of Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments in CHMI studies at nonendemic sites.

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CONCLUSION: In this cohort, sustaining a durotomy increased LOS but, with accompanying intraoperative repair, did not significantly affect rate of complications, revision surgery or functional outcomes. Our method of bimanual endoscopic dural repair provides an effective approach for repair of dural lacerations in interlaminar ULBD cases.

RAS/MAPK gene dysfunction underlies various cancers and neurocognitive disorders. Although the roles of RAS/MAPK genes have been well studied in cancer, less is known about their function during neurodevelopment. There are many genes that work in concert to regulate RAS/MAPK signaling, suggesting that if common brain phenotypes could be discovered they could have a broad impact on the many other disorders caused by distinct RAS/MAPK genes. We assessed the cellular and molecular consequences of...