UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

Brain aneurysms are a cerebrovascular disease that results in a severe type of stroke. The cell-specific molecular pathology underlying their formation and rupture is unknown. Here we profile 227,663 neurovascular cells, including 52,946 aneurysmal cells, from a total of 14 adult human brain aneurysms and 11 control vessels. Our atlas of human brain aneurysms, as well as cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics, revealed that pathological cerebrovascular remodeling occurs with the loss of...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity arises from the interplay between genetic predisposition, metabolic signaling, and neural circuits that regulate feeding and energy expenditure. Large-scale association studies repeatedly implicate regulators of Ras/Rap GTPase signaling in adiposity and metabolic risk, but the mechanisms linking these intracellular switch modules to neural control of energy balance remain unclear.

Generalizable neuroimaging biomarkers that detect cerebral cortical changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and predict patient outcomes are needed to improve care and to develop targeted therapies. We used morphometric inverse divergence (MIND) analysis of structural MRI to investigate cortical gray matter morphological networks cross-sectionally and longitudinally after TBI and correlate these with symptoms, disability and cognition six months after injury. Our findings support the Triple...

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that HMP-C usage is related to reductions in perceived stress and robust to potential usage barriers. Future research is needed to identify the optimal dose of DHI mindfulness, which balances feasibility and targeted outcomes.

Previous research has shown that immune development during the first week of life, i.e. ontogeny, is progressive, consistent and robust, involving large numbers of differentially expressed genes at each sampled time point. To obtain more granular detail about conserved and population-specific ontogeny, the influence of day of life on blood gene expression and cell type composition was examined in two distinct neonatal populations, from The Gambia and Papua New Guinea, employing block...

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a widely used therapeutic procedure for pancreatobiliary disorders but is associated with a range of complications, most commonly post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Post-ERCP air leak syndromes-including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and subcutaneous emphysema-are exceptionally rare, particularly in the absence of an identifiable gastrointestinal perforation. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who developed severe...

The notorious Queen vs Dudley and Stephens case highlights the persistent potential conflict between safeguarding individual rights and serving the collective good, a dilemma that also arises in clinical research. Doctors face the challenge of providing the best possible care for each patient while contributing to medical progress through randomized clinical trials. A key concept is equipoise: Fried emphasized personal uncertainty, whereas Freedman proposed clinical equipoise, grounded in...

CONCLUSIONS: The data reveal a role for microenvironment Cav3 in promoting GBM progression through regulating neuronal and glial processes. Targeting both intrinsic and microenvironment Cav3 with the inhibitor mibefradil significantly enhanced the anti-GBM effects of TMZ and radiation.

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CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional analysis, aspirin use was independently associated with reduced AWE in patients with UIAs, while statin use was not. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference regarding a direct anti-inflammatory effect on the aneurysm wall.

CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of participants with surgical complications did not differ significantly between those who underwent PFD-D and and those who underwent PFD alone. Larger trials are needed to determine the relative benefits and risks of these two procedures. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02669836.).

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these studies indicate that prime-and-HDT trap vaccination offers a tractable new strategy to study immunity to liver stage malaria in mice that is inexpensive, reproducible, and accessible.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, there is limited data comparing female patients with both PCOS and MASLD to those with MASLD alone. This study aims to evaluate differences in metabolic profiles and liver disease severity between these cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: The Daraja intervention had a sustained effect on retention in HIV care, ART adherence, and viral load suppression among hospitalized people with HIV.

Human brain tissue preserved in biorepositories is foundational for the structural, cellular, and biomolecular research necessary for a mechanistic understanding of neurological diseases. Realizing the research potential of these valuable resources requires well-characterized research-relevant tissue that can be efficiently identified by investigators and incorporated into the conceptual and computational frameworks of interdisciplinary research. Several large-scale efforts to improve research...

Astrocytes play vital roles in regulating brain states across organisms. Specifically, they regulate breathing behaviors and associated brain states, including facilitating transitions between breathing phases by sensing changes in O₂ and CO₂ levels, regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and impacting arousal and wakefulness. Here, we test the hypothesis that astrocytes in the ventral respiratory column (VRC) are important for arousal and sigh generation in alert mice. Our results reveal that a...

CONCLUSIONS: After MMAE for cSDH, reduction in hematoma thickness follows a predictable exponential decay pattern. Greater extent (≥ 80%) and faster timing (within 90 days) of resolution are valuable prognostic indicators. Functional outcomes improve progressively through 6-12 months after the procedure. The relationship between resolution extent and functional outcomes provides quantitative benchmarks for evaluating treatment response.

BACKGROUND: Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B requires a sustained loss of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, which is unlikely with current therapies. We aimed to investigate the safety, antiviral activity, and anti-HBV immune responses of the N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated, small interfering RNA imdusiran, a therapeutic strategy designed to reduce viral antigens on the path to achieving immune control.

CONCLUSION: Early postoperative engagement appears to be a key determinant of durable follow-up and represents a potential target for improving longitudinal outcome assessment.

Opioid overdose often leads to death, largely due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Extensive investigations have focused on the effects of opioids on brainstem breathing circuits. Peripheral sensory pathways also play an important role in shaping breathing behavior. This review highlights the effects of selected opioids and enkephalins on peripheral sensory inputs controlling breathing. Morphine and enkephalins activate vagal pulmonary C-fiber afferents, causing apnea in rodent...