UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major cause of mortality globally, especially among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. The long-acting monoclonal antibody L9LS has shown high efficacy in preventing malaria in children aged 6-10 years exposed to seasonal transmission but remains untested in perennial transmission settings and younger children. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of L9LS in infants and children in a high perennial malaria transmission setting.

Longitudinal trajectories of sleep in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) survivors are not well known. We identified subgroups of SAH survivors based on distinct trajectories of sleep during the first 6 months post-SAH and compared sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, inflammatory biomarkers (Toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6), and symptom-related characteristics (depression/anxiety, fatigue, sleep quality, and cognition) among...

CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the ICD-10 codes for each individual MI subtype have such low sensitivity that they may not reliably and accurately identify these MI subtypes in clinical research or in quality metrics and value-based programs.

CONCLUSION: MaVD using the suture-pexy technique is a safe and durable strategy for treating macrovascular CN and brainstem compression syndromes. This technique provides reliable decompression when standard MVD is inadequate.

CONCLUSIONS: Resection is safe and durable for the treatment of TDAVF not otherwise amenable to embolization. It can achieve a high degree of success with a low rate of perioperative complications and permanent neurological deficits, benefits far exceeding the risks associated with TDAVF natural history or management with less effective modalities.

Rett syndrome is an x-linked genetic neurological disorder primarily caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. This progressive neurodevelopmental condition hinders patients' ability to breathe and eat normally. It remains unclear how Mecp2 deficiency leads to the high prevalence of dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia observed in individuals with Rett syndrome. This study aims to determine the effects of Mecp2 deficiency on swallow-related neuromuscular mechanisms that...

CONCLUSIONS: TELD and IELD are safe, effective techniques. IELD enables faster recovery and greater short-term functional improvement, whereas TELD provides durable long-term benefit, especially for foraminal and upper lumbar pathology. Outcomes depend on surgical exposure, disc morphology, and body habitus, supporting an anatomy-guided, individualized approach.

CONCLUSIONS: SVB and PED demonstrated comparable angiographic efficacy and clinical safety for unruptured DACA aneurysms. Despite procedural differences, mid-term occlusion rates and outcomes were similar. Device selection in this distal territory may be guided primarily by anatomical considerations and operator preference rather than expectations of differential performance.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been identified as a treatment for diseases ranging from depression to rheumatoid arthritis. Despite widespread interest, the modulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines using a chronically implanted VNS device in rodents has not yet been demonstrated. Existing neuromodulation devices typically utilize application-specific integrated circuits for miniaturization. Here, we present a neuromodulation system comprising a passive, wirelessly driven,...

Synapse formation and function are coordinated spatially and temporally by a host of synaptic proteins that regulate neuronal signaling, synapse specificity, and plasticity; many of which are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Members of the C1q/TNF superfamily function as synaptic organizers, shaping synapse assembly and maintenance. Among them, C1QL3 plays a putative role in trans-synaptic adhesion and modulation of synaptic strength, but the lack of a reliable antibody to detect it has...

Neuropathological analyses benefit from spatially precise volumetric reconstructions that enhance anatomical delineation and improve morphometric accuracy. Prior work has shown the feasibility of reconstructing 3D brain volumes from 2D dissection photographs. However, these outputs often exhibit coarse, overly smooth reconstructions of structures, especially under high anisotropy (i.e., reconstructions from thick slabs). Here, we introduce a computationally efficient super-resolution step that...

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CONCLUSIONS: Key to ensuring any program's successful adoption, implementation, and sustainment is understanding the costs and resources required. Costing implementation in the "real world" is both an art and a science; teams must make decisions about give-and-take related to precision and burden on participants and the research team while still producing generalizable estimates. Transdisciplinary costing guidance can address these issues and provide details and resources to help pragmatically...

Rapamycin (Rapa) is a potent inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) with possible applications in multiple diseases; however, it and its analogues exhibit low solubility, variable bioavailability, and dose-limiting side effects. To engineer a long-release carrier, we employ Rapa's cognate receptor (FKBP12) to modulate its solubility, rate of release, and cellular uptake. To target its internalization into cancer cells under stress with an unfolded protein response...

CONCLUSIONS: Analgosedation adjustment predominates as the treatment of choice for forme fruste CLICHÉs despite scarce literature support regarding mechanism, efficacy or influence on outcome. Frequent use of agent combinations confounds use of treatments (e.g. therapeutic intensity level) as a descriptive variable. Although details regarding clinical reasoning underlying intervention choices are lacking, it appears that intervention choice may be influenced by expediency outside of...

The post-traumatic confusional state (PTCS) is a period of recovery that follows traumatic brain injury (TBI), characterized by post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), impairments in attention, and behavioral dysregulation, among other clinical symptoms. The pathophysiology of PTCS is unknown, contributing to the absence of neurobiologically based diagnostic criteria, prognostic models, and treatments. The workgroup conducted a scoping review of the literature in MEDLINE/PubMed database and manual...

The 12th Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting convened at the University of Copenhagen, presenting a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the biology of aging. A central theme across sessions was the field's gradual shift from descriptive, correlational studies to mechanistic understandings enabling the engineering of personalized therapeutic interventions aimed at extending human healthspan. Key discussions highlighted the convergence of multiple disciplines....

CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy involving autologous dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysate and combined with anti-PD-1 antibody might be an effective treatment for DHG. Treatment failure in our tumor model is associated with increased expression of genes implicated in remodeling extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment.

CONCLUSIONS: Both endoscopic and transcranial approaches yielded comparable visual outcomes in pediatric craniopharyngioma surgery. Rates of gross total resection were higher in the endoscopic cohort, suggesting that surgical approach should remain anatomy-driven, with either technique capable of preserving visual function in appropriately selected patients.

Structured acquisition and analysis of individual-level health data in the context of biomedical research can yield novel results with potential clinical or personal relevance to participants. While approaches to returning individual-level research results to study participants in civilian contexts have received some attention, unique ethical considerations informing approaches to sharing military research results, and particularly in research studies involving active-duty Special Operations...