UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS: Parent artery plaque enhancement and aneurysm wall enhancement are correlated with an elevated risk of microembolic events after endovascular treatment of UIAs.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to β cell death in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D). However, the molecular mechanisms driving β cell death during ER stress remain insufficiently defined, limiting development of protective therapies. GRP78, an ER chaperone, is the master regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR), suppressing UPR initiators during the unstressed state and releasing them to allow UPR activation during stress. To dissect the pathways leading to...

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a locking proximal femoral anatomic bone plate in the management of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) and greater trochanteric osteotomies (GTOs) in dogs undergoing total hip replacement (THR).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Multiple diffusion MRI metrics are differentially sensitive to distinct neuroinflammatory states in the subacute period after adolescent concussion. These findings suggest that diffusion imaging could serve as a non-invasive tool for inflammatory phenotyping, with potential implications for identifying patients who may benefit from targeted immunomodulatory intervention.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability in children, with many experiencing persistent symptoms even after mild TBIs. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have physiological effects that may alter how the brain responds to injury, yet the effects of ACEs on white matter injury and recovery processes remain unclear. This study examined whether a history of ACEs is associated with patterns of longitudinal change in white matter...

Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are transmitted at high levels in endemic areas and sequential infections are common. Using a mouse model of infection we discovered liver burden was suppressed in blood-stage experienced, compared to naïve, animals, independently of adaptive responses and inflammation. We observed greater chromatin accessibility of a subset of interferon stimulated genes in blood-stage experienced animals, and a rapid increase in transcription of these...

Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have revolutionized our understanding of cardiac development and maturation by resolving cellular heterogeneity, delineating lineage trajectories, and uncovering gene regulatory networks and intercellular signaling at unprecedented resolution. The heart develops through a tightly coordinated spatiotemporal process that extends from early organogenesis through postnatal maturation. Despite major progress, key questions remain unresolved, including...

Sleep fragmentation disrupts physiological homeostasis, including thermoregulation, metabolism, and immune signaling; however, cellular mechanisms that stabilize core body temperature and sleep architecture during disrupted sleep remain poorly understood. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and play a central role in integrating neuroimmune signaling with hypothalamic regulation of thermoregulation and sleep-wake control. We tested the hypothesis that microglia...

Much of biology focuses on how genetic changes mediate new functions, but less attention is given to adaptations within the ancient molecular machines that execute the central dogma. Octopuses exhibit complex nervous systems and sophisticated behaviors that rival vertebrates but via an entirely divergent evolutionary history. Here, we serendipitously discovered that octopus ribosomes contain a structural break in the core ribosomal RNA that is unique among all animals. This break site enhances...

BackgroundSurgery is considered definitive management for acute uncomplicated appendicitis, with non-operative management an acceptable alternative, but its role in complicated appendicitis remains controversial. Despite guideline recommendations favoring surgery in complicated appendicitis, there remains a trend toward non-operative management due to concern for greater postoperative complications. We aimed to compare in-hospital outcomes with surgical intervention for uncomplicated and...

CONCLUSIONS: The ability of our FUS protocol to reduce Aβ burden and alter the eNOS distribution depends critically upon the age of the AD mice (more Aβ plaques for a comparable number of microglia for older mice relative to younger mice) and duration of the treatment. The observed decrease in extra-neuronal eNOS distribution in older AD mice caused by FUS raises the concern that our protocol may increase ischemia, while the increase in intra-neuronal eNOS may counteract that effect via...

CONCLUSIONS: In this large real-world EVT cohort, IVT before thrombectomy was associated with improved functional outcomes without measurable safety penalties irrespective of whether patients underwent early or late EVT. The favorable association was stronger among early presenters but remained significant in the late thrombectomy group, providing real-world data for stroke systems of care built around inter-hospital transfer.

CONCLUSIONS: Repeated ICV B7-H3 CAR T cell dosing is feasible and tolerable across a spectrum of pediatric CNS tumors, supporting continued investigation in future trials.

We introduce accelerated sequential posterior inference via reuse (ASPIRE), a broadly applicable framework that transforms existing posterior samples and Bayesian evidence estimates into unbiased results under alternative models without rerunning the original analysis. ASPIRE combines normalizing flows with a generalized sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) scheme, enabling efficient updates of existing results and reducing total likelihood evaluations and wall times by factors of up to 5.8 and 5.5,...

CONCLUSIONS: ADAPT may be superior to SR for a majority of patients, particularly in recent years, and among patients with M1 occlusions presenting in earlier time windows.

Emotional disturbances are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the neuroanatomic basis of these sequelae remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether emotional well-being is associated with the extent and/or location of structural brain injury in individuals with chronic TBI. We studied 188 adults with chronic (≥1 year postinjury) TBI enrolled in the multicenter Late Effects of TBI (LETBI) study. Participants underwent T1-weighted MRI to assess cortical lesion location and volume,...

CONCLUSION: This hypothesis-generating study, based on a single TCMR case, provides a single-cell atlas of the TCMR immune microenvironment and suggests several subsets and pathways that may be involved. Our findings suggest that innate immune cells may initiate and amplify adaptive responses through chemokine and inflammatory networks, providing new insights into the potential role of innate immunity in allograft injury. The DUSP1^(+) effector CD8^(+) T cell-B2M/MHC class I axis was observed in...

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CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness and stress changed mostly during the first 3 to 4 weeks of the trial. During this time of mindfulness skill acquisition, mindfulness and stress were most significantly negatively associated, especially among those with high baseline stress. The consistent relationship between HMP-C utilization and mindfulness and stress suggests that continued use of HMP-C may be helpful for skill maintenance.

Implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs requiring mandatory checking when prescribing or dispensing reduces opioid analgesic (OA) prescribing. OA receipt varies by individual-level factors, including HIV status. Mandatory prescription drug monitoring program checking requirements (MPDMPs) may exacerbate inequities if prompts trigger biased decision-making around clinical need for OAs. We examined whether MPDMP implementation was associated with changes in self-reported use of...