UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

OBJECTIVES: To explore and describe the health outcomes and levels of environmental enrichment (EE) in participants with brain tumors after radiation therapy (RT).

Cognitive impairment, often due to attentional deficits, is a primary driver of disability after traumatic brain injury. It remains unclear whether attentional deficits are caused by injury to specific brain structures or the total burden of injury. In this cross-sectional, multicentre cohort study, we tested whether the association between brain injury and attentional performance varies by neuroanatomic location. Participants in the late effects of traumatic brain injury study were at least 18...

G-protein coupled receptors inhibit Cav2.2 N-type Ca2+ channels by a fast, voltage-dependent pathway mediated by Gαi/Gβγ and a slow, voltage-independent pathway mediated by Gαq-dependent reductions in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) or increases in arachidonic acid. Studies of these forms of regulation generally employ Ba2+ as the permeant ion, despite that Ca2+ -dependent pathways may impinge upon G-protein modulation. To address this possibility, we compared tonic G-protein...

CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that prestroke disability was not associated with a return to the prestroke mRS score at 90 days or intracranial hemorrhage. Physicians should not routinely exclude AIS-LVO patients with a low ASPECTS who have prestroke disability from EVT based on prestroke disability alone.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicentre study, preoperative embolization did not significantly improve AVM obliteration rates, functional outcomes or reduce complications compared with microsurgery alone.

CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to medium-vessel occlusion within 12 hours did not lead to better outcomes at 90 days than usual care. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and Medtronic; ESCAPE-MeVO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05151172.).

CONCLUSIONS: Sotigalimab combined with NCRT for esophageal or GEJ cancers was generally well tolerated and achieved path CR rates that compare favorably with historical data and are promising for this treatment strategy. Clinical trial information: NCT03165994.

CONCLUSION: Our findings represent the most detailed and comprehensive estimates of resource/cost requirements for jail-based MOUD programs. Given the budget constraints faced by jails, the investment required to implement/sustain an MOUD program will likely result in the need to obtain additional funding or reallocate existing resources away from other initiatives.

Despite limited translational capacity, senescent cells trigger inflammation by upregulating the translation and secretion of proinflammatory factors. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Kim et al. identify that altered autophagy and SFPQ-dependent EIF4H splicing during senescence redirects translation to promote inflammation, informing therapeutic strategies for cancer and other age-related diseases.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the choice between permanent and temporary CSF diversion as initial treatments may affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates with PHH, which are influenced by IVH severity and timing of intervention. The findings support early temporization and avoiding delays to optimize permanent shunting. Monitoring ventricular size closely during this phase is critical, as larger ventricular size at the time of conversion is associated with poorer outcomes....

CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating SR in the rescue strategy after a failed CA improves recanalization rates and functional outcomes. Trevo SRs demonstrated superior efficacy and safety when incorporated into the rescue strategy.

A man in his late 50s was referred by a speech and language therapist for consideration of a palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) to improve his speech intelligibility. He presented with hypokinetic dysarthria characterised by reduced loudness, breathy voice and hypernasality. The patient had a diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy and mobilised in a motorised wheelchair. He was dependent for dressing and bathing, but independent for grooming. He had no cognitive impairment and provided his own...

Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid widely used perioperatively and illicitly as a drug of abuse ^(1,2). It is well established that fentanyl acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, signaling through Gα(i/o) intracellular pathways to inhibit electrical excitability, resulting in analgesia and respiratory depression ^(3,4). However, fentanyl uniquely also triggers muscle rigidity, including respiratory muscles, hindering the ability to execute central respiratory commands or to receive external...

CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with 8 mg oral dexamethasone meaningfully reduced IRRs and can be readily implemented in clinical practice.

CONCLUSION: While age ≥80 increases mortality and disability in patients with AIS and low ASPECTS, select elderly patients may still benefit from EVT when clinical factors are considered, supporting individualized treatment and better patient selection for future trials.

CONCLUSIONS: Age-specific CAVD rates did not differ between Māori and Europeans, though Māori had a higher proportion of advanced cardiac impairment, which is likely unrelated to CAVD. Differences in population structure likely explain the difference in overall prevalence of CAVD. The improving life expectancy in Māori may lead to increasing incidence of CAVD, thus strategies to improve detection and medical management of CAVD should begin as soon as possible.

CONCLUSIONS: Transgender women are a high-priority population for reaching End the HIV Epidemic goals. Findings have the potential to improve individual and population health outcomes by generating significant improvements in viral suppression among transgender women and guiding service provision and public policy.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that dd-cfDNA was applicable to Black recipients with a robust ability to detect antibody-mediated rejection, as compared to White and Hispanic recipients.

Long-term risks of gene therapy are not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated safety outcomes in 783 patients over more than 2,200 total patient-years of observation from 38 T cell therapy trials. The trials employed integrating gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors to deliver engineered receptors to target HIV-1 infection or cancer. Eighteen patients (2.3%) developed secondary malignancies after treatment, with a median onset of 1.94 years (range: 51 d to 14 years). Where possible,...

The persistent Na^(+) current (I(NaP)) is thought to play important roles in many brain regions including the generation of inspiration in the ventral respiratory column (VRC) of mammals. The characterization of the slow inactivation of I(NaP) requires long-lasting voltage steps (>1 s), which will increase intracellular Na^(+) and activate the Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase pump current (I(Pump)). Thus, I(Pump) may contribute to the previously measured slow inactivation of I(NaP) and the generation of the...