UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

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T cells play a pivotal role in the immune system, relying on their somatically rearranged T cell receptor (TCR) to recognize peptide-MHC complexes. A comprehensive and extensively used set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TCR variable regions was generated in the previous century. The separate identification of mAb-specific TCR-V proteins and TRV genes has resulted in multiple nomenclatures, making their relationships unclear. To formally re-establish this link and determine patterns of...

CONCLUSION: Despite similar vascular territories, concurrent occlusion of the MCA and ACA segments results in worse clinical outcomes compared with intracranial ICA occlusion.

This methodological brief gives an overview of qualitative research methods used in medical education and offers resources to help researchers explore qualitative methods more deeply. We discuss five common qualitative approaches used in medical education research, including case study, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative inquiry, and phenomenology. We review specific qualitative methods and data collection techniques, considering the potential advantages, challenges and biases of each...

CONCLUSIONS: The CTH intervention engaging community coalitions to deploy evidence-based practices was effective in increasing OEND implementation in jails, helping address elevated overdose risks for individuals during and post-release from incarceration. Partnerships between state, community, and jail-based stakeholders are needed to assure expanded access to this lifesaving, evidence-based approach.

CONCLUSION: Longitudinal TCD data can be used to create a dynamic machine learning model with higher precision than static TCD measurements for predicting AV after aSAH.

We present the case of a 13-month-old girl with Down syndrome who underwent probing to alleviate nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). During the procedure, a distal portion of the deployed Crawford hook fragmented and became lodged in the right nasopharynx. Traditional intraoperative methods of visualization were unsuccessful; however, extraction of the fragment was achieved by using a nasogastric bridle magnet. This case demonstrates a novel method of metallic foreign body removal, which may...

CONCLUSIONS: Cost per OfY is a widely used metric in economic evaluations because of its relative importance as a measure of clinical effectiveness. However, a universally accepted benchmark for decision making does not yet exist. This review aggregates data from existing studies that provided this measure, offering an initial step for establishing a cost-effectiveness threshold for cost per OfY.

Acromegaly is a rare disease that is caused by a growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary tumor. This is a case of a 62-year-old man who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy more than 25 years after surgical remission without other known etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy. The patient initially presented at age 28 with symptoms of acromegaly and diagnosed himself, while several physicians dismissed the diagnosis. He underwent transsphenoidal surgery associated with long-term...

CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic susceptibility to hypertension is associated with earlier onset of nontraumatic SAH in women. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings in non-European individuals. Genetic predisposition to hypertension could be used for screening and early identification of individuals at risk of SAH.

Since their discoveries in the 1960s as a family of proteins produced by cells in response to stress, molecular chaperones are increasingly recognized as major regulators of cellular homeostasis in health and disease. Among the heat shock protein 70 family, the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), also referred to as BiP and encoded by the HSPA5 gene, contains a signal peptide targeting it into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Through its interaction with the transmembrane ER stress sensors,...

The primary cause of death from opioid overdose is opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), characterized by severe suppression of respiratory rate, destabilized breathing patterns, hypercapnia, and heightened risk of apnea. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a critical chemosensitive brainstem region in the rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation, contains Phox2b^(+)/neuromedin-B (Nmb) propriobulbar neurons. These neurons, stimulated by CO(2)/H^(+), regulate breathing to prevent...

Routinely collected blood tests can reflect underlying pathophysiological processes. We demonstrate that the dynamics of routinely collected blood tests hold prediction validity in acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Using MIMIC data (n = 2615) for modeling and TRACK-SCI study data (n = 137) for validation, we identified multiple trajectories for common blood markers. We developed machine learning models for the dynamic prediction of in-hospital mortality, SCI occurrence in spine trauma patients,...

CONCLUSION: Infertility was the most common reason for referral. The age of females referred for infertility emphasizes the need for prompt intervention. There were differences in referral patterns across the province, including a disproportionately high referral rate in the Eastern-Urban region.

CONCLUSIONS: PVR during pancreatic cancer surgery is safe and durable. One-quarter of all reconstructions fail at medium-term follow-up, and very few require reintervention for clinical symptoms. Although primary repair has been suggested as the most optimal reconstruction, our findings imply that long-term patency of PVR may not be clinically important. Furthermore, outside of infectious considerations, it is likely that conduit or reconstruction type does not affect outcome.

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Although extensively studied in various plants, the roles of aquaporin proteins in litchi remain unclear. In this study, low moisture content was observed in the dormant terminal buds of litchi. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two aquaporin genes, PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 1;4 (LcPIP1;4) and LcPIP1;5, could be remarkably inhibited by exogenous ethylene (ETH), which also reduced the moisture content of litchi buds. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays indicated...

Chromosomal translocations leading to the fusion of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) with diverse partner proteins have been identified as oncogenic drivers in many adult and pediatric cancers. While first-generation TRK kinase inhibitors, such as entrectinib and larotrectinib, have shown positive responses in TRK fusion-positive cancers, resistance mutations against these inhibitors in the kinase domain limit their efficacy. Second-generation inhibitors are in clinical evaluation,...

CONCLUSIONS: Spatial variance of wall motion and hemodynamic variables are increased in growing aneurysms, and the fluctuations in the directional wall shear stress correlate directly with wall motion, indicating that heterogeneous wall motion and hemodynamics are interrelated and play a critical role in aneurysm instability.

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, is an urgent global public health threat. Syphilis vaccine development has been impeded by limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable T. pallidum to establish and maintain infection. The vascular endothelium is critical for T. pallidum attachment, dissemination, and host immune response initiation; however, the molecular details of T. pallidum -endothelial interactions are incompletely understood. To enhance...