UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat

5 months 1 week ago
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can damage the hypothalamus and cause improper activation of the growth hormone (GH) axis, leading to growth hormone deficiency (GHD). GHD is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies following TBI in adults; however, the extent to which GHD affects juveniles remains understudied. We used postnatal day 17 rats (n = 83), which model the late infantile/toddler period, and assessed body weights, GH levels, and number of hypothalamic somatostatin neurons at acute (1, 7...
J Bryce Ortiz

Combining Force Fields and Neural Networks for an Accurate Representation of Chemically Diverse Molecular Interactions

5 months 1 week ago
A key goal of molecular modeling is the accurate reproduction of the true quantum mechanical potential energy of arbitrary molecular ensembles with a tractable classical approximation. The challenges are that analytical expressions found in general purpose force fields struggle to faithfully represent the intermolecular quantum potential energy surface at close distances and in strong interaction regimes; that the more accurate neural network approximations do not capture crucial physics...
Alexey Illarionov

Budget Impact Tool for Implementing Contingency Management for Co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorders and Serious Mental Illness

5 months 1 week ago
CONCLUSIONS: A customizable tool was created to estimate the costs associated with various levels of treatment success and CM design features. After the trial, the tool will be updated and used to finalize per-participant cost for incorporation into a comprehensive economic evaluation. This costing tool will help a growing number of treatment providers who are interested in implementing CM with budgeting for and sustaining CM in their practices.
Thanh T Lu

Optimizing Brain Health of United States Special Operations Forces

5 months 1 week ago
United States Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel are frequently exposed to explosive blasts in training and combat. However, the effects of repeated blast exposure on the human brain are incompletely understood. Moreover, there is currently no diagnostic test to detect repeated blast brain injury (rBBI). In this "Human Performance Optimization" article, we discuss how the development and implementation of a reliable diagnostic test for rBBI has the potential to promote SOF brain health,...
Brian L Edlow

Racial/ethnic differences in receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs in New York City

5 months 1 week ago
CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant racial/ethnic differences in naloxone receipt from NYC OOPPs. We observed substantial variation in naloxone receipt for non-Latino Black and Latino residents across neighborhoods, indicating relatively poorer access in some neighborhoods and opportunities for new approaches to address geographic and structural barriers in these locations.
Shayla Nolen

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies risk loci for abdominal aortic aneurysm and highlights PCSK9 as a therapeutic target

5 months 1 week ago
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease with substantial heritability. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis from 14 discovery cohorts and uncovered 141 independent associations, including 97 previously unreported loci. A polygenic risk score derived from meta-analysis explained AAA risk beyond clinical risk factors. Genes at AAA risk loci indicate involvement of lipid metabolism, vascular development and remodeling, extracellular matrix dysregulation...
Tanmoy Roychowdhury

Interindividual variation in human cortical cell type abundance and expression

5 months 2 weeks ago
Single-cell transcriptomic studies have identified a conserved set of neocortical cell types from small postmortem cohorts. We extended these efforts by assessing cell type variation across 75 adult individuals undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgeries. Nearly all nuclei map to one of 125 robust cell types identified in the middle temporal gyrus. However, we found interindividual variance in abundances and gene expression signatures, particularly in deep-layer glutamatergic neurons and microglia....
Nelson Johansen

Morphoelectric and transcriptomic divergence of the layer 1 interneuron repertoire in human versus mouse neocortex

5 months 2 weeks ago
Neocortical layer 1 (L1) is a site of convergence between pyramidal-neuron dendrites and feedback axons where local inhibitory signaling can profoundly shape cortical processing. Evolutionary expansion of human neocortex is marked by distinctive pyramidal neurons with extensive L1 branching, but whether L1 interneurons are similarly diverse is underexplored. Using Patch-seq recordings from human neurosurgical tissue, we identified four transcriptomic subclasses with mouse L1 homologs, along with...
Thomas Chartrand

Signature morphoelectric properties of diverse GABAergic interneurons in the human neocortex

5 months 2 weeks ago
Human cortex transcriptomic studies have revealed a hierarchical organization of γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons from subclasses to a high diversity of more granular types. Rapid GABAergic neuron viral genetic labeling plus Patch-seq (patch-clamp electrophysiology plus single-cell RNA sequencing) sampling in human brain slices was used to reliably target and analyze GABAergic neuron subclasses and individual transcriptomic types. This characterization elucidated transitions...
Brian R Lee

Persistence is key: unresolved immune dysfunction is lethal in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis

5 months 2 weeks ago
INTRODUCTION: Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary sepsis share pathophysiological, immunological, and clinical features, suggesting that severe COVID-19 is a form of viral sepsis. Our objective was to identify shared gene expression trajectories strongly associated with eventual mortality between severe COVID-19 patients and contemporaneous non-COVID-19 sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for potential therapeutic implications.
Andy Y An

Association of opioid or other substance use disorders with health care use among patients with suicidal symptoms

5 months 2 weeks ago
CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of tailoring SUD and suicide risk interventions to different age groups and types of SUDs, and highlights missed opportunities for deploying screening and prevention resources among the male and OUD populations. Redressing underutilization of MOUD remains a priority to reduce acute health outcomes among younger patients with OUD.
Veer Vekaria

Computational fluid dynamics simulate optimal design of segmental arteries reattachment: Influence of blood flow stagnation

5 months 2 weeks ago
CONCLUSIONS: In our simulation, direct anastomosis of the segmental artery resulted in the most efficient design in terms of blood flow stagnation. A shorter (<20 mm) and smaller (<10 mm) branch should be used for graft interposition. Loop-graft is an attractive alternative to direct anastomosis; however, its blood flow pattern can be influenced.
Yuki Ikeno
"university of washington"[affiliation] and neurological surge...: Latest results from PubMed
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