UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 9.8 % in U.S. children. Several variants of Latrophiln-3 (LPHN-3) are associated with ADHD. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we deleted exon 3 in rats to create a global Lphn3 knockout. These rats are hyperactive, startle hyper-reactive, impulsive, and have impaired working, spatial, and egocentric learning and memory. Deltamethrin (DLM) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. Several epidemiological studies report an increase in ADHD...

Seizures occur in 20-45% of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and can potentially influence their quality of life. Some studies have suggested risk factors influencing their development, but the evidence is limited to small cohorts. To analyze seizure presentation and factors influencing seizure development in patients with cerebral AVMs using a multi-institutional consortium. Retrospective multicenter registry from multiple centers in North America and Europe of patients...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas that is known to control many physiological processes. In human parenchymal cells, the function of iNOS-derived NO is incompletely understood. Here, we used RNA-seq to examine the role of iNOS-derived NO in the control of gene expression in a human lung epithelial cell line treated with inflammatory cytokines. iNOS-derived NO restricted the expression of genes involved in immune signaling, including the immune-related genes CXCL9 and E-selectin that were not...

CONCLUSION: This study provided a deep-learning model based on CTA for irregular shape classification and size measurement of UIAs with high accuracy and external validity. The model can be used to improve reader performance.

Accumulating evidence of heterogeneous long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has challenged longstanding approaches to TBI outcome classification that are largely based on global functioning. A lack of studies with clinical and biomarker data from individuals living with chronic (>1 year post-injury) TBI has precluded refinement of long-term outcome classification ontology. Multimodal data in well-characterized TBI cohorts is required to understand the clinical phenotypes and...

The primary cause of death from opioid overdose is opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), characterized by severe suppression of respiratory rate, destabilized breathing patterns, hypercapnia, and heightened risk of apnea. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a critical chemosensitive brainstem region in the rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation contains Phox2b ^(+) /Neuromedin-B ( Nmb ) propriobulbar neurons. These neurons, stimulated by CO (2) /H ^(+) , regulate breathing to...

MOTIVATION: Longitudinal pathogen genotyping data from individual hosts can uncover strain-specific infection dynamics and their relationships to disease and intervention, especially in the malaria field. An important use case involves distinguishing newly incident from pre-existing (persistent) strains, but implementation faces statistical challenges relating to individual samples containing multiple strains, strains sharing alleles, and markers dropping out stochastically during the genotyping...

CONCLUSION: Strong support from staff and providers consistently differentiated between clinics with increased OUD treatment across both outcomes in the PROUD trial from those without. OUD programs should consider increasing support across clinic roles.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of multiple feeding arteries on clinical outcomes of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is not well understood. This study aims to compare outcomes between AVMs with multiple versus single feeding arteries.

CONCLUSIONS: With the addition of TPIT staining, the diagnosis of silent corticotroph PitNETs increased substantially versus those defined by ACTH immunostaining alone. Regardless of hormone status, these tumors continue to exhibit high rates of extrasellar growth and high rates of recurrence/progression.

CONCLUSION: AVMs in eloquent brain areas present higher risks of complications and lower obliteration rates, emphasizing the need for cautious, individualized treatment planning. Within the eloquent group, embolization increased the risk of complications, while surgery and radiosurgery showed comparable functional outcomes at last follow-up and complication rates with higher complete obliteration rates in surgery. These findings highlight the importance of location in AVM management and support...

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic foraminotomies result in clinically meaningful symptomatic improvement for most lumbar foraminal pathologies. However, the effectiveness of decompression surgery for vertical foraminal stenosis is limited and requires further investigation.

Genome-wide hypertranscription is common in human cancer and predicts poor prognosis. To understand how hypertranscription might drive cancer, we applied our formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-cleavage under targeted accessible chromatin method for mapping RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) genome-wide in FFPE sections. We demonstrate global RNAPII elevations in mouse gliomas and assorted human tumors in small clinical samples and discover regional elevations corresponding to de novo HER2...

CONCLUSIONS: DCD may offer comparable outcomes to DBD in short and mid-term outcomes, although PGD remains a concern. Further comparative research is required to delineate the role of both techniques in the current transplant landscape.

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OBJECTIVES: To explore and describe the health outcomes and levels of environmental enrichment (EE) in participants with brain tumors after radiation therapy (RT).

Cognitive impairment, often due to attentional deficits, is a primary driver of disability after traumatic brain injury. It remains unclear whether attentional deficits are caused by injury to specific brain structures or the total burden of injury. In this cross-sectional, multicentre cohort study, we tested whether the association between brain injury and attentional performance varies by neuroanatomic location. Participants in the late effects of traumatic brain injury study were at least 18...

G-protein coupled receptors inhibit Cav2.2 N-type Ca2+ channels by a fast, voltage-dependent pathway mediated by Gαi/Gβγ and a slow, voltage-independent pathway mediated by Gαq-dependent reductions in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) or increases in arachidonic acid. Studies of these forms of regulation generally employ Ba2+ as the permeant ion, despite that Ca2+ -dependent pathways may impinge upon G-protein modulation. To address this possibility, we compared tonic G-protein...

CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that prestroke disability was not associated with a return to the prestroke mRS score at 90 days or intracranial hemorrhage. Physicians should not routinely exclude AIS-LVO patients with a low ASPECTS who have prestroke disability from EVT based on prestroke disability alone.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicentre study, preoperative embolization did not significantly improve AVM obliteration rates, functional outcomes or reduce complications compared with microsurgery alone.