UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

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CONCLUSION: Although children with neurologic impairment have a higher rate of requiring an antireflux procedure or GJ conversion than other children, the overall rate remains less than 15%. Fundoplication should not be utilized in children without clinical reflux on the basis of neurologic impairment alone.

CONCLUSIONS: When compared to the FM clerkship learning objectives at both institutions, four code categories emerged that were not part of the explicit objectives: traits of a family doctor, challenges in FM care, personal impact, and life skills and tips. Conversely, some nuances of the learning objective of FM in the health care system regarding decreasing cost and improving health outcomes and equity were not represented in the coded categories of student responses. These findings could...

INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity is a symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and variants in the Lphn3 (Adgrl3) gene (OMIM 616417) have been linked to ADHD. This project utilized a delay-discounting (DD) task to examine the impact of Lphn3 deletion in rats on impulsive choice. "Positive control" measures were also collected in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), another animal model of ADHD.

Increased plasma concentrations of a variety of cellular enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, etc.) are commonly used as routine screening tests for a range of conditions. An increased concentration usually is assumed to result from an increased rate of delivery to the plasma. Factors such as decreased metabolism or excretion or altered extravascular distribution usually are ignored. As a prelude to a detailed analysis of all the factors...

Basilar tip aneurysms are difficult to treat due to their deep location, proximity to cranial nerves and brainstem, and risk of perforator stroke.^(1-3) A 49-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department with subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to have a wide-neck basilar tip aneurysm measuring 8.6 mm × 5.6 mm × 7.6 mm. The aneurysm had a 4.9-mm wide neck located at the level of the dorsum sellae.⁴^(,)⁵ Microsurgical clipping was recommended to the patient due to the complexity of the...

This proceedings article presents the scope of pediatric coma and disorders of consciousness based on presentations and discussions at the First Pediatric Disorders of Consciousness Care and Research symposium held on September 14th, 2021. Herein we review the current state of pediatric coma care and research opportunities as well as shared experiences from seasoned researchers and clinicians. Salient current challenges and opportunities in pediatric and neonatal coma care and research were...

Natural killer (NK) cells are potent immune effectors that can be activated via antibody-mediated Fc receptor engagement. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we found that NK cells degranulate and release IFN-γ upon stimulation with antibody-opsonized Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. Antibody-dependent NK (Ab-NK) activity was largely strain transcending and enhanced invasion inhibition into erythrocytes. Ab-NK was associated with the successful control of parasitemia after experimental malaria...

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed algorithm suggests a TELD for LDH located in the foraminal or extraforaminal zones at upper and lower levels and for central and subarticular discs at the upper levels considering the anatomic foraminal features and the craniocaudal pathology location. An IELD is preferred for LDH in the central or subarticular zones at L4/L5 and L5/S1, especially if a high iliac crest or high-grade migration is found.

CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that, when compared to standard practice (i.e., PA education), a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching, improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors. The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

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Glioblastomas (GBMs) are heterogeneous, treatment-resistant tumors driven by populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, few molecular mechanisms critical for CSC population maintenance have been exploited for therapeutic development. We developed a spatially resolved loss-of-function screen in GBM patient-derived organoids to identify essential epigenetic regulators in the SOX2-enriched, therapy-resistant niche and identified WDR5 as indispensable for this population. WDR5 is a component...

Nuclear localization of HIPPO-YAP fusion proteins has been implicated in supratentorial ependymoma development. Here, unexpectedly, we find that liquid-liquid phase separation, rather than nuclear localization, of recurrent patient-derived YAP fusions, YAP-MAMLD1 and C11ORF95-YAP, underlies ependymoma tumourigenesis from neural progenitor cells. Mutagenesis and chimaera assays demonstrate that an intrinsically disordered region promotes oligomerization of the YAP fusions into nuclear,...

CONCLUSIONS: Open switch cranioplasty normalizes CVAI by increasing the fused cranial diagonal more than the patent and is stable at two years. Skull base twist does not normalize but facial twist approaches normal. Technique improvement should focus on residual coronal asymmetry present at opisthion.

CONCLUSION: Initial severity of SS deformity was the best predictor of 2-year morphometric outcomes. Upper posterior cranial width decreases with time after surgery and an anterior vertex bulge can persist after open surgery, but frontal dysmorphology self-corrects without surgical intervention.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

CONCLUSION: Two approaches involving posterior vault expansion in young syndromic patients using three techniques resulted in comparable early volume expansion and complication profiles.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified ICH risk factors after AIS thrombectomy using real-world data. There was a propensity towards a reduced sICH risk with direct aspiration. Procedural complications and ethnicity were predictors congruent between categories of any ICH, sICH, PH1, and PH2. Further investigation of technique and ethnicity effects on ICH and outcomes after AIS thrombectomy is warranted.

In order to better understand the relationship between normal and neoplastic brain, we combined five publicly available large-scale datasets, correcting for batch effects and applying Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) to RNA-seq data. We assembled a reference Brain-UMAP including 702 adult gliomas, 802 pediatric tumors and 1409 healthy normal brain samples, which can be utilized to investigate the wealth of information obtained from combining several publicly available...

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that, despite harboring disparate genomic signatures, adult and pediatric tumor isolates share a preponderance of genetic dependences. Further, combining data from primary brain tumor lethality screens with large cancer cell line datasets produced valuable insights into biomarkers of gene dependency, even for rare cancers.