UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

Breathing is composed of multiple, distinct behaviors that are bidirectionally regulated through autonomic and voluntary mechanisms. One behavioral component is the sigh, which serves distinct physiological and psychological roles. In two accompanying reviews we will discuss these roles. The present review focuses on the physiological function, where sighs play a critical role in controlling lung compliance by preventing the collapse of alveoli. Implicated in the generation of sighs and normal...

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CONCLUSIONS: Using criteria recommended by the international iNPH guidelines, the authors found that evaluation and treatment of iNPH are safe and effective. Testing with CSF drainage and treatment with shunt surgery are associated with a high rate of sustained improvement and a low rate of complications for iNPH in the 1st year after shunt surgery. Patients who had undergone shunt surgery for iNPH experienced improvement in gait, cognitive function, bladder symptoms, depression, and functional...

We present a unique, extensive, and open synaptic physiology analysis platform and dataset. Through its application, we reveal principles that relate cell type to synaptic properties and intralaminar circuit organization in the mouse and human cortex. The dynamics of excitatory synapses align with the postsynaptic cell subclass, whereas inhibitory synapse dynamics partly align with presynaptic cell subclass but with considerable overlap. Synaptic properties are heterogeneous in most...

CONCLUSIONS: Very high odds of poor long-term outcome trajectory were identified for those who sustained a concussion in combat, were younger at the time of injury, had lower education, and enlisted in the Army above the risk of deployment alone. These findings help identify a risk profile that could be used to target early intervention and screen for poor long-term outcome to aid in reducing the high public health cost and enhance the long-term quality of life for these service members...

CONCLUSION: Brain science provides the foundation for advanced education that promotes optimal learning. The stress of the COVID-19 pandemic has created the opportunity for the implementation of an advanced educational model in which learning is facilitated and supported. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(3):162-166.].

Critical Covid-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care¹ or hospitalisation^(2-4) following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from critically-ill cases with population controls in order to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we use whole genome sequencing in 7,491 critically-ill cases compared with 48,400...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters human host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, through a genome-wide association study, we identify a variant (rs190509934, minor allele frequency 0.2-2%) that downregulates ACE2 expression by 37% (P = 2.7 × 10^(-)⁸) and reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 40% (odds ratio = 0.60, P = 4.5 × 10^(-)^(13)), providing human genetic evidence that ACE2...

CONCLUSION: Penetrating crossbow brain injuries are rare and require complex management. A comprehensive management strategy is necessary to manage these injuries. Moreover, careful consideration of factors such as the arrow trajectory, complexity of the injuries, and availability of the required expertise is important to increase the chances of success.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 was an independent predictor of incomplete revascularization and poor outcomes in patients with stroke due to LVO. Patients with COVID-19 with LVO were younger, had fewer cerebrovascular risk factors, and suffered from higher morbidity/mortality rates.

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CONCLUSION: Significant levels of anxiety exist in those living with artificial eyes, with various coping strategies used. Addressing this and offering alternative coping strategies may improve patient well being and overall satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS: The pre-injury headache and post-traumatic headache only groups did not meaningfully differ in outcome within 21 days of MTBI, but they had worse physical and cognitive symptoms than participants with no headache. Future research should assess whether differences in outcome emerge further from injury and whether specific headache subtypes are differentially associated with outcome.

Repeated intravenous (IV) administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines induces Plasmodium-specific CD8+ liver-resident T (Trm) cells in mice and achieves sterile protection against challenge. Our heterologous "prime-and-trap" vaccine strategy was previously shown to simplify and improve upon RAS vaccination. Prime-and-trap vaccination combines epidermal priming by DNA-encoded circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen followed by a single IV dose of freshly dissected RAS...

CONCLUSIONS: The children's module in BS showed excellent discriminating power and generally acceptable accuracy in more than four-year-old children. This may lose accuracy in higher quartiles among less than three years old children.

CONCLUSIONS: This study did not establish the efficacy of sarilumab in hospitalized patients with severe/critical COVID-19. Post-hoc analyses were consistent with other studies that found a benefit of sarilumab in patients receiving corticosteroids.

CONCLUSIONS: The significant heterogeneity in the available evidence and absence of consensus reporting standards are important considerations and concern when interpreting the data. Evaluation of the evidence suggests that TEVAR for CTBAD is a safe procedure with low rates of complications. However, the optimal treatment strategy for CTBAD remains debatable and requires further research. Evidence from high-quality registries and clinical trials are required to address these challenges.

AbstractWe present a wireless, fully implantable device for electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves consisting of a powering coil, a tuning network, a Zener diode, selectable stimulation parameters, and a stimulator IC, all encapsulated in biocompatible silicone. A wireless RF signal at 13.56 MHz powers the implant through the on-chip rectifier. The ASIC, designed in TSMCs 180 nm MS RF G process, occupies an area of less than 1.2 mm2. The IC enables externally selectable current-controlled...

CONCLUSION: Eventual spontaneous voiding was achieved till toilet training in 90% patients following preventive untethering. Those showing preoperative vesicourethral synergy was associated with faster achievement of spontaneous voiding and better urinary continence when they enter elementary school.