UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS: The STANDARD G6PD Test enables safe access to drugs which are contraindicated for individuals with G6PD deficiency. Operational considerations will inform test uptake in specific settings.

Single-cell transcriptomic studies have identified a conserved set of neocortical cell types from small postmortem cohorts. We extended these efforts by assessing cell type variation across 75 adult individuals undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgeries. Nearly all nuclei map to one of 125 robust cell types identified in the middle temporal gyrus. However, we found interindividual variance in abundances and gene expression signatures, particularly in deep-layer glutamatergic neurons and microglia....

Neocortical layer 1 (L1) is a site of convergence between pyramidal-neuron dendrites and feedback axons where local inhibitory signaling can profoundly shape cortical processing. Evolutionary expansion of human neocortex is marked by distinctive pyramidal neurons with extensive L1 branching, but whether L1 interneurons are similarly diverse is underexplored. Using Patch-seq recordings from human neurosurgical tissue, we identified four transcriptomic subclasses with mouse L1 homologs, along with...

Human cortex transcriptomic studies have revealed a hierarchical organization of γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons from subclasses to a high diversity of more granular types. Rapid GABAergic neuron viral genetic labeling plus Patch-seq (patch-clamp electrophysiology plus single-cell RNA sequencing) sampling in human brain slices was used to reliably target and analyze GABAergic neuron subclasses and individual transcriptomic types. This characterization elucidated transitions...

CONCLUSIONS: Given the robust relationships physical activity has with outcomes in the general population, further research is needed to understand the effect of physical activity in individuals with moderate-severe TBI.

INTRODUCTION: Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary sepsis share pathophysiological, immunological, and clinical features, suggesting that severe COVID-19 is a form of viral sepsis. Our objective was to identify shared gene expression trajectories strongly associated with eventual mortality between severe COVID-19 patients and contemporaneous non-COVID-19 sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for potential therapeutic implications.

CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of tailoring SUD and suicide risk interventions to different age groups and types of SUDs, and highlights missed opportunities for deploying screening and prevention resources among the male and OUD populations. Redressing underutilization of MOUD remains a priority to reduce acute health outcomes among younger patients with OUD.

CONCLUSIONS: In HFrEF, ICV adds to the profiling of systolic function and represents an independent predictor of reverse cardiac remodeling after treatment with sac/val. ICV changes may be used for assessment of treatment responses.

CONCLUSIONS: In our simulation, direct anastomosis of the segmental artery resulted in the most efficient design in terms of blood flow stagnation. A shorter (<20 mm) and smaller (<10 mm) branch should be used for graft interposition. Loop-graft is an attractive alternative to direct anastomosis; however, its blood flow pattern can be influenced.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that results in multiple bouts of intermittent hypoxia. OSA has many neurologic and systemic comorbidities including dysphagia, or disordered swallow and discoordination with breathing. However, the mechanism in which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) causes dysphagia is unknown. Recently we showed the Postinspiratory complex (PiCo) acts as an interface between the swallow pattern generator (SPG) and the inspiratory...

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. However, IBD patients receiving anti-TNF have a relatively high rate of breakthrough infections and a low level of neutralization response.

Bioprinting is a promising alternative method to generate skin substitutes because it can replicate the structural organization of the skin into biomimetic layers in vitro. In this study, six primary human skin cell types were used to bioprint a trilayer skin construct consisting of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Transplantation of the bioprinted skin with human cells onto full-thickness wounds of nu/nu mice promoted rapid vascularization and formation of epidermal rete ridges analogous to...

CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with adjudicated T2MI, CAD was prevalent, but the majority of patients had nonobstructive CAD. Mediators of ischemia are likely multifactorial in this population. (Defining the Prevalence and Characteristics of Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Myocardial Infarction using CT-FFR [DEFINE TYPE 2 MI]; NCT04864119).

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the distinct consequences of the opioid drugs morphine and fentanyl during opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). We explored the physiological implications of both drugs on ventilation and airway patency in anaesthetized mice. Our results revealed a similar reduction in respiratory frequency with equivalent scaled dosages of fentanyl and morphine, though the onset of suppression was more rapid with fentanyl. Additionally, fentanyl resulted in...

CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of LMWH within 24 hours was associated with a low rate of spine surgery-related bleeding. Bleeding complications unrelated to SCI surgery still occur with LMWH administration. Because neurosurgical intervention is typically the limiting factor in initializing chemical DVT prophylaxis, many of these bleeding complications would have likely occurred regardless of the protocol.

Women who experience stillbirths are at increased risk for severe maternal morbidity and mortality, which makes the postpartum period a critical time in which to address health conditions and prevent complications. However, research on the health care needs of women who experience stillbirths is scarce, and these women are often excluded from research on the postpartum period. Therefore, the purpose of this commentary is to identify gaps in the research on postpartum care after stillbirth,...

CONCLUSION: This is the largest case series in the literature describing a single institution's experience with frontonasal dermoids. Intracranial extension is rare and few patients required craniotomy in our series. CT and MRI have comparable accuracy at detecting intracranial extension. Single-modality imaging is recommended preoperatively in the absence of other clinical indications.

CONCLUSIONS: The study elucidates current patterns of antibiotic use in burn care in the United States, allowing for improved understanding of both past and present patterns of antibiotic prescription.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability among the American population, but the impact TBIs have on the school experience of high school, and post-secondary students, is poorly understood. In this study, a cohort of 79 students, ages 15-22, with mild-to-severe TBIs, were retrospectively identified from the University of Washington Traumatic Brain Injury Database and Sample Repository. The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) was used to determine the frequency at which...

Rules are needed for human research in commercial spaceflight.