UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

Wildlife species are often used as bioindicators to evaluate the extent and severity of environmental contamination and the effectiveness of remediation practices. A common approach for investigating population- or community-level impacts on bioindicators compares demographic parameter estimates (e.g., population size or density) between sites that were subjected to different levels of contamination. However, the traditional analytical method used in such studies is nonspatial capture-recapture,...

Whole-sporozoite (WSp) malaria vaccines induce protective immune responses in animal malaria models and in humans. A recent clinical trial with a WSp vaccine comprising genetically attenuated parasites (GAP) which arrest growth early in the liver (PfSPZ-GA1), showed that GAPs can be safely administered to humans and immunogenicity is comparable to radiation-attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine. GAPs that arrest late in the liver stage (LA-GAP) have potential for increased potency as shown in rodent malaria...

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Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its ability to grow inside macrophages is important to virulence, and is dependent on the activation state of the macrophages. Classically activated M1 macrophages are non-permissive for Salmonella growth, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages are permissive for Salmonella growth. Here we showed that endotoxin-primed macrophages (MEP), such as those associated with sepsis, showed similar levels of...

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence on comparative outcomes of RMVS and CSMVS is limited with only low-quality studies currently available. This present meta-analysis suggests that RMVS may have lower mortality and shorter ICU and hospital LOS, however CSMVS may be associated with significantly shorter cross clamp and CPB times. Further analysis of high-quality studies with randomized data is required to verify these results.

CONCLUSION: This is the first large-scale study to suggest that daily volume of specific suicide-prevention-related social media content on Twitter corresponds to higher daily levels of help-seeking behaviour and lower daily number of suicide deaths.

In the liver, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly released during cellular metabolic processes, and excess ROS production can cause redox stress. The redox stress is both beneficial for and harmful to the survival of cells since it modulates the cellular redox control system. The redox control system is a series of cellular responses that are responsible for maintaining a balanced oxidation-reduction status. Many cellular processes including growth, proliferation, and senescence are...

CONCLUSION: This report describes the use of a combination of endovascular and surgical approaches to achieve maximal benefit for 2 patients. These cases reinforce the value of a staged multimodal treatment approach in achieving good functional outcomes for patients with these rare and challenging entities.