UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-early PROMs reveal an immediate pain improvement after FESS. While the benefits in pain reduction plateaued within the 1st postoperative week for both groups, functional improvements developed over a more extended period. These results illustrate a biphasic rehabilitation process wherein initial pain alleviation transitions into functional improvement over time.

Breathing is vital and must be concurrently robust and flexible. This rhythmic behavior is generated and maintained within a rostrocaudally aligned set of medullary nuclei called the ventral respiratory column (VRC). The rhythmic properties of individual VRC nuclei are well known, yet technical challenges have limited the interrogation of the entire VRC population simultaneously. Here we characterize over 15,000 medullary units using high-density electrophysiology, opto-tagging and histological...

Sotigalimab is an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb that can modulate antitumor immune responses. In a phase II clinical trial of sotigalimab combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in locally advanced esophageal/gastroesophageal junction (E/GEJ) cancer with the primary outcome of efficacy as measured by pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, the combination induced pCR in 38% of treated patients. We investigated the mechanism of action of sotigalimab in samples obtained from this clinical trial....

CONCLUSIONS: Unruptured aneurysms in Chinese aSAH-MIA patients exhibited higher risks of growth and rupture than in patients with a single UIA. Middle cerebral artery location, higher size ratio and irregular shape were associated with higher risk of growth or rupture.

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a devastating developmental epileptic encephalopathy marked by treatment-resistant seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, motor deficits, and a 10-20% rate of premature death. Most DS patients harbor loss-of-function mutations in one copy of SCN1A , which has been associated with inhibitory neuron dysfunction. Here we developed an interneuron-targeting AAV human SCN1A gene replacement therapy using cell class-specific enhancers. We generated a...

Liver stage (LS) Plasmodia mature in 2-2.5 days in rodents compared to 5-6 days in humans. Plasmodium-specific CD8^(+) T cell expansion differs across these varied timespans. To mimic the kinetics of CD8^(+) T cells of human Plasmodium infection, a two-dose challenge mouse model that achieved 4-5 days of LS antigen exposure was developed. In this model, mice were inoculated with a non-protective, low dose of late-arresting, genetically attenuated sporozoites to initiate T cell activation and...

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that brain tissue hypoxia is associated with cerebral hypoperfusion characterized by increased time with CPP below the lower limit of autoregulation. Interventions to increase CPP appear to improve autoregulation. Further studies are needed to validate the importance of autoregulation as a modifiable variable with the potential to improve outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients that underwent revision hip arthroscopy with labral reconstruction or augmentation demonstrated improvement in PROs with mixed rates of achieving clinical benefit and rates of survivorship at minimum 2-year follow-up ranging from 93.5% to 100%.

CONCLUSION: Standardizing viscosity values in CFD of cerebral aneurysms has a large and unpredictable impact on the calculated WSS, WSSG, and OSI when compared to CFD simulations of the same aneurysms using a patient-specific viscosity. We recommend implementing hematocrit-based patient-specific blood viscosity values for all CFD simulations of cerebral aneurysms.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of patients seen at level I trauma centers 6 months after TBI, many patients with TBI demonstrated no cognitive impairment. Impairment was more prevalent in persons with more severe TBI and manifested in variable ways across individuals. The findings may guide future research and treatment recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS.: Bypassing complex I by overexpression of NDi1 eliminates increases in potassium currents induced by isoflurane in the spinal cord. The isoflurane-induced potassium currents in glutamatergic neurons represent a potential downstream mechanism of complex I inhibition in determining MAC.

CONCLUSION: This model is a preliminary, first attempt to quantitatively describe UB and CB pharmacokinetics. It is hoped that it will stimulate more detailed measurements and analysis.

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CONCLUSIONS: AIS patients with LVO undergoing MT with ASPECTS 2-3 had similar outcomes compared to ASPECTS 4-5.

Tissues on a chip are sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) in vitro microphysiological systems designed to replicate human tissue conditions within dynamic physicochemical environments. However, the current fabrication methods for tissue spheroids on a chip require multiple parts and manual processing steps, including the deposition of spheroids onto prefabricated "chips." These challenges also lead to limitations regarding scalability and reproducibility. To overcome these challenges, we...

In congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2)-a disorder involving dysfunction of the Ca(v)1.4 Ca^(2+) channel-visual impairment is relatively mild considering that Ca(v)1.4 mediates synaptic transmission by rod and cone photoreceptors. Here, we addressed this conundrum using a Ca(v)1.4 knockout (KO) mouse and a knock-in (KI) mouse expressing a non-conducting Ca(v)1.4 mutant. Surprisingly, aberrant Ca(v)3 currents were detected in cones of the KI and KO but not wild-type mice. Cone...

In prostate cancer, the bone is the most common site of metastasis, and it is essential to evaluate metastatic bone lesions to assess the tumor burden and treatment response. Castration-resistant prostate cancer refers to the state wherein the cancer continues to progress despite a significant reduction of the sex hormone level and is associated with frequent distant metastasis. The Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) released guidelines that aimed to standardize the assessment of treatment...

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CONCLUSION: Venous hypertension is a key angiographic feature of dAVFs-CI. Moreover, these fistulas present at a mean age of 58 years-old, and exhibit a complex angioarchitecture characterized by an increased number of arteriovenous connections and stenosed sinuses. The presence of venous ectasia further exacerbates the impaired drainage and contributes to the development of dAVFs-CI. Notably, in certain cases, closure of the dAVF has the potential to reverse symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: The ability to challenge PTM with PkSPZ and achieve reliable blood stage infections indicate this model has significant potential for malaria vaccine studies. Blood stage P. knowlesi infection in PTM is characterized by low parasite burdens and a benign disease course, in contrast with the virulent P. knowlesi disease course commonly reported in rhesus macaques. These findings identify new opportunities for malaria vaccine research using this natural host-parasite combination.