UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

The notorious Queen vs Dudley and Stephens case highlights the persistent potential conflict between safeguarding individual rights and serving the collective good, a dilemma that also arises in clinical research. Doctors face the challenge of providing the best possible care for each patient while contributing to medical progress through randomized clinical trials. A key concept is equipoise: Fried emphasized personal uncertainty, whereas Freedman proposed clinical equipoise, grounded in...

CONCLUSIONS: The data reveal a role for microenvironment Cav3 in promoting GBM progression through regulating neuronal and glial processes. Targeting both intrinsic and microenvironment Cav3 with the inhibitor mibefradil significantly enhanced the anti-GBM effects of TMZ and radiation.

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CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional analysis, aspirin use was independently associated with reduced AWE in patients with UIAs, while statin use was not. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference regarding a direct anti-inflammatory effect on the aneurysm wall.

CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of participants with surgical complications did not differ significantly between those who underwent PFD-D and and those who underwent PFD alone. Larger trials are needed to determine the relative benefits and risks of these two procedures. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02669836.).

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these studies indicate that prime-and-HDT trap vaccination offers a tractable new strategy to study immunity to liver stage malaria in mice that is inexpensive, reproducible, and accessible.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, there is limited data comparing female patients with both PCOS and MASLD to those with MASLD alone. This study aims to evaluate differences in metabolic profiles and liver disease severity between these cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: The Daraja intervention had a sustained effect on retention in HIV care, ART adherence, and viral load suppression among hospitalized people with HIV.

Human brain tissue preserved in biorepositories is foundational for the structural, cellular, and biomolecular research necessary for a mechanistic understanding of neurological diseases. Realizing the research potential of these valuable resources requires well-characterized research-relevant tissue that can be efficiently identified by investigators and incorporated into the conceptual and computational frameworks of interdisciplinary research. Several large-scale efforts to improve research...

Astrocytes play vital roles in regulating brain states across organisms. Specifically, they regulate breathing behaviors and associated brain states, including facilitating transitions between breathing phases by sensing changes in O₂ and CO₂ levels, regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and impacting arousal and wakefulness. Here, we test the hypothesis that astrocytes in the ventral respiratory column (VRC) are important for arousal and sigh generation in alert mice. Our results reveal that a...

CONCLUSIONS: After MMAE for cSDH, reduction in hematoma thickness follows a predictable exponential decay pattern. Greater extent (≥ 80%) and faster timing (within 90 days) of resolution are valuable prognostic indicators. Functional outcomes improve progressively through 6-12 months after the procedure. The relationship between resolution extent and functional outcomes provides quantitative benchmarks for evaluating treatment response.

BACKGROUND: Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B requires a sustained loss of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, which is unlikely with current therapies. We aimed to investigate the safety, antiviral activity, and anti-HBV immune responses of the N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated, small interfering RNA imdusiran, a therapeutic strategy designed to reduce viral antigens on the path to achieving immune control.

CONCLUSION: Early postoperative engagement appears to be a key determinant of durable follow-up and represents a potential target for improving longitudinal outcome assessment.

Opioid overdose often leads to death, largely due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Extensive investigations have focused on the effects of opioids on brainstem breathing circuits. Peripheral sensory pathways also play an important role in shaping breathing behavior. This review highlights the effects of selected opioids and enkephalins on peripheral sensory inputs controlling breathing. Morphine and enkephalins activate vagal pulmonary C-fiber afferents, causing apnea in rodent...

The anterior foramen magnum and craniovertebral junction region is surgically demanding because of its complex osseous and neurovascular architecture. Traditional midline posterior and transoral approaches are associated with significant morbidity, prompting the search for safer lateral corridors. The origins of the far lateral approach (FLA) date to 1972, when William Hammon and Ludwig Kempe described a lateral trajectory for accessing posterior circulation vascular lesions. In 1978, Wolfgang...

Deep venous drainage (DVD) is considered a negative prognostic factor in AVM surgery, yet its effect on postoperative functional decline remains incompletely defined. This study evaluates whether DVD predicts worsened functional status after surgical resection of Spetzler-Martin Grade II-III AVMs. This retrospective multicenter study analyzed 129 patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade II-III AVMs across nine centers in North America and Europe who underwent primary surgical resection. We excluded...

ComBat is commonly used to mitigate batch effects in multi-site neuroimaging studies. Although empirical bayes estimation is a key component of ComBat, its impact on resting-state functional connectivity measures, including site effect reductions and preservation of original within-site variability remains underexplored. Empirical bayes estimation was evaluated on functional connectivity in adolescents with mild TBI. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 144 adolescents across six sites...

Sepsis is a major cause of global neonatal mortality, affecting 1.3 to 1.9 million neonates worldwide. Accurate diagnoses and effective treatment of sepsis during the onset is essential to improve outcomes. Current efforts to develop sensitive molecular biomarkers, however, are limited by the lack of accurate diagnostic tests, particularly the lack of sensitive viral testing or blood culture methods with low blood inoculums from small neonates. Consequently, antibiotic treatments are often...

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CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with symptomatic ischemic moyamoya arteriopathy treated nonsurgically had worse outcomes compared with those managed surgically. These findings support pursuing surgical revascularization therapy in North American children and youth with symptomatic ischemic moyamoya arteriopathy.