UW Neurological Surgery Recent PubMed Publications

CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to retain participants in such social disadvantaged or minority groups are encouraged given their disproportionate rate of LTFU. Repeated attempts to reach participants after a previously missed assessment are beneficial, as many participants that missed one or more follow-ups were later recovered.

Using data from 20 years of Salmonella foodborne outbreaks, this study investigates significant trends in the proportion of outbreaks associated with 12 broad commodity groups. Outbreak counts are demonstrated to have a stronger trend signal than outbreak illness counts. The number of outbreaks with an identified food vehicle increased significantly between 1998 and 2000. This was followed by a 10-year period when the number of outbreaks decreased. The number of outbreaks increased significantly...

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This guideline is intended for educational use to build the knowledge of physicians and other health professionals in assessing the conditions and managing the treatment of patients undergoing extracorporeal life support (ECLS)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and describe what are believed to be useful and safe practice for extracorporeal life support (ECLS, ECMO) but these are not necessarily consensus recommendations. The aim of clinical guidelines are to help clinicians to make...

CONCLUSIONS: Tumor molecular profiling after germline testing increased the detection of actionable alterations by 5-fold. Tumor molecular profiling is a necessary complement to germline genetic testing to fully inform therapeutic decision making for all patients with pancreatic cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with VITT-CVT, adherence to VITT treatment recommendations improved over time. Immunomodulation seems crucial for reducing mortality of VITT-CVT. ANN NEUROL 2022.

CONCLUSION: Our study found that preinjury vascular risk factors, especially smoking, are associated with worse outcomes after TBI. Aggressive postinjury treatment of vascular risk factors may be a promising strategy to improve TBI outcomes.

The mechanisms of volatile anesthetic action remain among the most perplexing mysteries of medicine. Across phylogeny, volatile anesthetics selectively inhibit mitochondrial complex I, and they also depress presynaptic excitatory signaling. To explore how these effects are linked, we studied isoflurane effects on presynaptic vesicle cycling and ATP levels in hippocampal cultured neurons from wild-type and complex I mutant (Ndufs4(KO)) mice. To bypass complex I, we measured isoflurane effects on...

Following neurosurgical repair of spinal dysraphism defects, soft tissue reconstruction is often required to obtain robust coverage of the dura. Layered closure utilizing local muscle and muscle fascia have proven reliable for this purpose, but often result in significant dead space necessitating closed suction drainage. Progressive tension sutures have been reported as an alternative to drains for prevention of fluid collection in a number of other procedures. In this study, the use of...

Cellular and network properties must be capable of generating rhythmic activity that is both flexible and stable. This is particularly important for breathing, a rhythmic behavior that dynamically adapts to environmental, behavioral, and metabolic changes from the first to the last breath. The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), located within the ventral medulla, is responsible for producing rhythmic inspiration. Its cellular properties must be tunable, flexible as well as stabilizing. Here, we...

CONCLUSIONS: MMA embolization with particle and liquid embolisates appears to be equally effective in treatment of NASHs as determined by the percentage who reach, and the time to reach, 50% NASH thickness reduction and the incidence of surgical reintervention within 90 days.

In this paper, we present high-throughput amplicon sequence (HTS) datasets of the gut microbiota of male and female Zebrafish Danio rerio fed diets consisting of sub-optimal and above-optimal quantities of proteins and fats. The HTS datasets were generated using an Illumina MiSeq targeting the V4 hypervariable segment of the 16S rRNA gene. The raw sequence reads were quality checked, demultiplexed into FASTQ files, denoised using DADA2 (q2-dada2 denoise-paired), and subsampled. Taxonomic ids...

On February 5, 2022, the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) lost a giant when Dr. David "Dave" Beukelman passed away. As the readership of this journal is aware, Dave was one of the principal founders of the AAC field and devoted his career to providing a voice to those without one. Before AAC became a field, people who could not talk were invisible or seldom noticed, unless they were in the way. For more than 40 years, he was a catalyst for change in AAC clinical...

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging surveillance tool that has been used to monitor the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA shed into wastewater. WBE was performed to monitor the occurrence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and six neighborhoods in the city of Calgary, Canada (population 1.44 million). A total of 222 WWTP and 192 neighborhood samples were collected from June 2020 to May 2021, encompassing the end of the...

To better understand the genetics of hearing loss, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis with 125,749 cases and 469,497 controls across five cohorts. We identified 53/c loci affecting hearing loss risk, including common coding variants in COL9A3 and TMPRSS3. Through exome sequencing of 108,415 cases and 329,581 controls, we observed rare coding associations with 11 Mendelian hearing loss genes, including additive effects in known hearing loss genes GJB2 (Gly12fs; odds ratio [OR] =...

Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy has improved the treatment of certain solid tumors, but effective regimens remain elusive for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a randomized phase 2 trial evaluating the efficacy of nivolumab (nivo; anti-PD-1) and/or sotigalimab (sotiga; CD40 agonistic antibody) with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (chemotherapy) in patients with first-line metastatic PDAC ( NCT03214250 ). In 105 patients analyzed for efficacy, the primary endpoint of...

Anemia is a common finding in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient with a wide range of possible causes and is a significant risk factor for mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Opportunistic parvovirus infection-causing pure red cell aplasia is one of its uncommon causes. It has been suggested that immunocompromised patients with abnormal antibody production are more susceptible to acquiring a chronic parvovirus infection requiring long-term intravenous...

CONCLUSIONS: This work presents a quantitatively validated whole-brain simulation of CSF flow for a single healthy subject. The computational methodology improves over the state of the art by eliminating non-physiological boundary conditions and unnecessary assumptions about the mechanical properties of brain tissue, providing an essential step towards clinically useful tools for assessing the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Background: Most people with alcohol use disorder do not receive treatment, and primary care (PC)-based management of alcohol use disorder is a key strategy to close this gap. Understanding PC patients' perspectives on changing drinking and receiving alcohol-related care is important for this goal, particularly among those who decline alcohol-related care. This study examined perspectives on barriers and facilitators to changing drinking and receiving alcohol-related care among Veterans Health...

Voltage-gated Ca^(2+) (Ca(v)) channels play pivotal roles in regulating gene transcription, neuronal excitability, and neurotransmitter release. To meet the spatial and temporal demands of visual signaling, Ca(v) channels exhibit unusual properties in the retina compared to their counterparts in other areas of the nervous system. In this article, we review current concepts regarding the specific subtypes of Ca(v) channels expressed in the retina, their intrinsic properties and forms of...